Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
By:
Vineet Kothari
Assistant Professor
Civil Engineering Department
Institute of technology
Nirma University
Why will you learn this subject?
Teaching Scheme
Introduction: Importance & introduction to basic building materials and their suitability.
Physical & mechanical properties.
Stone: Definition, classification, quarrying and dressing, use, advantages, testing, common
building stones, characteristic of good building stone, deterioration, preservation, artificial
stone
Timber
Lime
Plastic
Insulating Materials
Bituminous Materials
TIMBER
Content of Timber
Introduction
Advantages and disadvantages
Some important terms
Structure of tree
Classification
Defects
Properties
Conversion of wood
Seasoning
Deterioration
Preservation
Use of timber
Special timber products
Common timber in India
Introduction
Wood or Timber?
Wood is usually used to refer to the material in its natural state...timber refers
to it after it has been modified by man
First to be used by men for various purpose from ancient time to till date
Only mature trees are cut for obtaining good quality timber, which is suitable
for construction purpose
Crown
Root system
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Natural material and renewable resources
Easily workable
Quickly transported
Durable
Light in weight but strong
Fire resistance
Good aesthetic view
Properly protected timber give hundreds years of
service
Repair, addition and alteration are easy
Can resist corrosion
Advantages and Disadvantages
Disadvantages
Major Disadvantage is combustibility
Conflagration hazard
Ex- Forest fire
Standing Timber
Green Timber
Rough Timber
Dressed Timber
Structural Timber
Clears Timber
From the visibility aspects the structure of tree can be divide in two category
1. Macro Structure
2. Micro Structure
1. Macro Structure
Macro Structure
Macro Structure
Most Important
Annual Rings: it consists of cellular
tissues and woody fibre arranged in
circular circles or rings round the
pitch generally once in a year, so the
age of tree may be count from
number of annual rings
2. Micro Structure
It is a microscopic or sub microscopic structure of different shapes and sizes
Classification of Tree
Classification of tree according to
Grow out ward and increase in bulk by formation of annular rings, deposited every
year, so it is used for engineering purpose
Ex- Deodar, Chir, Sal, Kail, Shisham, Teak, Walnut, Mango etc.
Endogenous tree
Gymnosperms tree
Conifers tree
Remain evergreen
Needle pointed leaves
Softwood
Light colour
Resinous
Light and weak
Ex- Pines, Deodar etc.
Softwood
Lightweight timber
Show distinct annual rings
Soft to work
Weak in strength
Most common construction timber
Hardwood
Denser
Annual rings are faint
Dark colour
Strong
Ex- Teak, Ash, Oak etc.