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z11 z22
V
1 V
2 1z
V 11I1z12
I2
z12I2 + +z21I1
2
V I1z22
z21 I2
At port 1 At port 2
V
Open-circuit reverse z V1 Open-circuit z22 2
transimpedance
12
I2 I1 0 output impedance I2 I1 0
I2y21
V1y22
V2
At port 1 At port 2
I
Short-circuit reverse y I1 Short-circuit y22 2
2V1 0
1 0
12
output admittance V
transadmittance V2V
h11 1/h
22
V
1 V
2 1
V h I1h
11 V
122
hV 2+
h
2I1
1
12
I2h
21I1hV
222
At port 1 At port 2
I
Open-circuit reverse h V1 Open-circuit h22 2
2 I1 0
2 I1 0
voltage gain
12
V output admittance V
V V I1g 1
1 2
V g I2
g
1I2
2
+g V 11 12
2
1 1
2
V g V
211g I2
22
At port 1 At port 2
V
Short-circuit reverse g I1 Short-circuit g22 2
1
I2 V 0
1 0
12
current gain I2 V output impedance
2
3
1
Z 11 6 Z 22 6 Z 11 12 Z 22 3 Z11 18 Z 22 9
V1 V1
Z 12 6 Z 12 0 Z12
V1 6I
2 6
I 2 I1 0 I 2 I1 0 I 2 I1 0 I 2
V2 V2
Z 21 6 Z 21 0 Z 21
V2 6I
1 6
I1 I 2 0 I1 I 2 0 I1 I 2 0 I1
Z
6
Z
6 12 0
Z
18 6
6 6 0 3
6 9
Note: (1) z-matrix in the last circuit = sum of two former z-matrices
(2) z-parameters is normally used in analysis of series-series circuits
(3) Z12 = Z21 (reciprocal circuit)
(4) Z12 = Z21 and Z11 = Z22 (symmetrical and reciprocal circuit)
Ref:080130HKN EE3110 Feedback Amplifiers 6
y-parameter example
I1 0.05S I2 I1 0
.1S 0
.2S I2
+ + + +
V1 V2 V
1 V
2
0.025S
1
1 1
y11 0.05S y22 0.05S y 11 0 . 0692 S
0 . 1 0 . 2 0 . 025
I1 0.05V2 1
y12 0.05S 1 1
V2 V1 0 V2 y 22 0 . 0769 S
0 . 2 0 . 1 0 . 025
I2 0.05V1 I1
y21 0.05S y 12
V1 V2 0 V1 V 2 V1 0
0.05 0.05 But I 2 y 22 V 2 0 . 0769 V 2
y I1 I 2 I1
0.05 0.05
0 . 1 0 . 025
I 1 0 . 8 I 2 0 . 0615 V 2
y 12 0 . 0615 S
By reciprocal , y 21 y 12 0 . 0615 S
0 . 0615
y
0 . 0692
0 . 0615 0 . 0769
Ref:080130HKN EE3110 Feedback Amplifiers 7
y-parameter example (Cont’)
y 11 0 . 05 0 . 692 0 . 1192 0.05S
y 22 0 . 05 0 . 769 0 . 1269
I1
I1 0.1S 0.2S I2
y 21 y 12
V 2 V1 0 + +
I 2 y 22 V 2 0 . 1269 V 2 V1 V2
0 . 05 0.025S
I 0 . 05 S I 2 0 . 05 V 2
0 . 1269
I 0 . 2 S I 2 I 0 . 05 S 0 . 0769 V 2 Note: the y-matrix is equal to
0 .1 the sum of two former ones.
I 0 .1 S 0 . 0769 V 2 0 . 0615 V 2
0 . 1 0 . 025 Therefore, y-parameters is
I 1 0 . 0615 V 2 0 . 05 V 2 0 . 1115 V 2 normally used in analysis of
y 12 0 . 1115 y 21 shunt-shunt circuits
0 . 1115
Y
0 . 1192 What connection should be for
0 . 1115 0 . 1269 h- or g- parameters?
V
f
: feedback factor
= Vf / Vo
V Vs V f Close
loop
gain
:A
V
o
A 1 T
( )
CL
V 1A 1T
V f Vo
s
Loop : TA
Gain
V VS Vo Amount
of
feedback
:1A
1
Vo A V Note
: A
CLA
R1 V I2R R
h 1
1
1
0
.1
1 1 1
12f
V2I 0 I2(R R2) R R2
I2 I2 1 1
h
1 1 1
22f
V2I 0 I2(R R
2) R R2 10
k
h
1
1f
1
h 2
2f
hV+
1
2f
2
R'
inR //
inR//
1 R
2
R'
outR //
R
out C
[(
rR
)
E
gr
R
E]
//
R//
1 R
2
[(
z22
f)(
1A
)]
OP//
RC
C1 RL
vS +
RF
I 1 y11V1 y12V 2 V1 RF V2
I 2 y 21V1 y 22V 2
Feedback Network
I1 1
y11
V1 V 2 0 R F
I I2 1 I1 I2
y12 1
V 2 V1 0 V 2 RF
1/R
FVo
V R
F
I2 1 1 R
F
y 22
V 2 V1 0 R F
y-parameter modeling
V I
s r
R
F R
C/
/RL
IS
( R F // r )
And from output port,
Vo
1/
R F
¡EV
o
gV 0
R F // R C // R L ri
Rin
V o gV ( R F // R C // R L ) (1 AOP )
Vo ( R F // r )
Open loop tranimped ance gain :
IS (1 AOP )
A OP gV ( R F // R C // R L )( R F // r ) ro
R out
1 (1 AOP )
With feedback factor ,
RF ( R F // RC // R L )
the close loop transimpe dance gain : (1 AOP )
A OP Vo Vo
A CL Voltage Gain :
1 A OP V s I s ( R s Rin )
Ref:080130HKN EE3110 Feedback Amplifiers 30
Feedback Structure (Shunt-Series)
Basic amplifier Gain Calculatio n :
I Io A I A (Ii I f )
+ I I f Io
Ii V i ri AI ro A(Ii Io) Io
AI i ( 1 T ) I o
(Close Loop Current Gain)
I 1 T
A CL o ( )
Ii 1 T
If= Io where T A
And, we get
Feedback network Ii A
Io
1 A
I i I (1 A )
Ref:080130HKN EE3110 Feedback Amplifiers 31
Input/Output Resistance (Shunt-
Series)
Input Resistance: Output Resistance
(Closed loop output resistance with zero input voltage)
V I r
R in i i Vo
Ii Ii Rout |Vi 0
Ii Io
ri from input port,
(1 T )
I I f I o
Ii
ri from output port, I o Vo / ro AI
(1 T ) Vo ( I o AI )ro
Vo ( I o T I o )ro
Vo
Rout (1 T )ro
Io
Series- V 1 T ro
o
( ) R (
1 T)r R h-parameter
Shunt Vi 1T in i out
1T
Series- Io 1 T
( )Rin(
1T)ri R (1T)ro z-parameter
Series Vi 1T out
Shunt- V 1 T
o
( ) R ri ro y-parameter
Shun Ii 1T Rout
1T
in
1T
Shunt- Io 1 T
( ) R ri
Ii 1T R (1T)ro g-parameter
Series in
1T out
RE RE
RE
+
RE i2