Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Analog Features
MOTOTRBO 2.X
MOTOTRBO System
MOTOTRBO Portables
MOTOTRBO Mobiles
MOTOTRBO Repeater
MOTOTRBO Data
Coming soon
Coming soon
Side Programmable
Button
Coming soon
Push-to-Talk
DP 4400/4401 Model
(MOTOTRBO 2.X)
DP 3400/3401 Standard Package
DP 3400/3401 Model
(MOTOTRBO 1.X)
(MOTOTRBO 1.X)
• Non-Display Portable Radio
DP 2400 Model • Antenna - Standard whip included with
(MOTOTRBO 2.X) DP 3400, GPS Monopole included with
DP 3401
• NiMH 1300 mAh Submersible Battery
Coming soon • IMPRES™ Single Unit Charger
• 2 .5" Belt Clip Channel
• Quick Reference Guide Selector
• Two-year Standard Warranty
Coming soon
On/off/Volume
Control Knob
Microphone Universal
Accessory
Connector
6
• Single Site Trunking augmented usage
9. Three side and two front 9 capacity with shared logical channels *
programmable buttons • Seamless roaming among multiple Single
Site Conventional Systems connected via an
10. Large, texture push-to-talk button 7 Internet Protocol (IP) network *
• Makes use of Basic & Enhanced privacy *
11. 1000 channels 8
*Only in Digital Mode
NOTE: Non GPS model is not upgradeable to GPS
DM4600/4601 Model
(MOTOTRBO 2.X)
DM 4400/4401 Model
(MOTOTRBO 2.X) DM 3400/3401 Standard Package
(MOTOTRBO 1.X)
• Radio with limited Display Control
Head
• Mounting Trunion
• 10 foot power cable
• Compact Microphone
• Quick Reference Guide
DM 3400/3401 Model
• Two-year Standard Warranty
(MOTOTRBO 1.X)
Power Button
Programmable Buttons
Compact Microphone
Carry Handle
Carry Handle
LED Indications
LED
Indications
8. Rack- or cabinet-mountable
3. Text Messaging
4. Location Tracking
5. Telemetry
Overview
Spectrum Efficiency
2 slot TDMA
Frequency Licensing
The technologies that enable MOTOTRBO to deliver benefits like greater usable range, integrated
voice and data, spectrum efficiency, and increased battery life will be explored on the next 4 slides:
1: Analog to Digital Conversion
2: Vocoding and Forward Error Correction
3. Framing
4. TDMA Transmission
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
Module 2 - 20
MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Overview: Step 1 - Analog to Digital Conversion
Analogous to how a written message is converted to a data stream by a fax machine, Analog
to Digital Conversion translates the user’s voice (microphone input) to a digital bitstream.
The digital bitstream contains a LOT of bits - far too many to transmit over a radio channel.
So some form of compression is required…..
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
Module 2 - 21
MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Overview: Step 2 - Vocoding & Forward Error Correction
Vocoding (Voice encoding) compresses speech by breaking it into its most important parts and encoding
them with a small number of bits. Because it focuses on human speech, it greatly reduces background noise.
Forward Error Correction (FEC) enables the receiving radio to correct bit errors that occur due to RF
channel impairments - enabling more consistent audio performance throughout the coverage area.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
Module 2 - 22
MOTOTRBO Digital Radio Technology
Overview: Step 3 - Framing
Framing organizes digital voice (or data) into digital packets: the voice or data becomes payload (like a letter
in an envelope) while the header describes the type of call, source and destination address, etc. (like the
addressing information on the envelope). This enables one radio to provide integrated voice and data.
Transmission encoding completes the encoding process (like adding the machine-readable sorting
information on the envelope) and finally “mails the letter.”
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) organizes a channel into 2 time slots: a given radio’s transmitter is
active only for short bursts, which provides longer battery life. And by transmitting only on their alternating
time slots, two calls can share the same channel at the same time, thereby doubling spectrum efficiency.….
Slot 2
Slot 1
Regulatory Slot 2
emissions Slot 1
mask
Slot 2
Slot 1
• Audio quality is measured on a 5-point scale, with customers typically looking for
DAQ 3 at minimum.
• The definition of DAQ 3 is: ‘Speech understandable with slight effort. Occasional
repetition required due to Noise/Distortion’.
• This determines the channel width your system will occupy. For MOTOTRBO
systems, the Emissions Designators are
– Data only: 7K60FXD
– Voice and Data: 7K60FXE
• If you have a 12.5kHz license, you will need to update your emissions designator.
• If you have a 25kHz license, you will need to update your emissions designator.
You will generally not be allowed to break it into two – 12.5kHz channels.
• For regulators who currently assign CTCSS/DCS tones to analogue PMR channel
licenses, for MOTOTRBO they will need to assign Color Codes instead.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
Module 2 - 32
Topic 3 – MOTOTRBO Digital Features
• Both transmitting and receiving radios must be on the same logical channel (frequency
and timeslot) and Talkgroup.
• Employee may use a Private Call to privately alert a specific manager about a security
incident, rather than placing a Group Call that would be heard by the whole group.
• For Capacity Plus Systems, All Call is setup politely on a Free Rest Channel and is
announced to all radios on the system (including those on busy channels), except:
• Radios transmitting on Busy Channels
• Radios listening to Emergency call(s)
• DTMF Hot Keypad provides the transmitting radio with the ability
to send the following characters encoded as DTMF during a voice
call:
0123456789*#
• This feature is supported in both analog and digital calls for
conventional Single Site, IP Site Connect, and Capacity Plus
system configurations.
4-Wire
TELCO POTS
Interface
Capacity Plus
• TargetID = CallType + RadioID
Advantages
• Improves call success rate by minimizing call collisions
• Improves the GPS data success rate on the GPS revert
channel
• Prevents call transmission when the radio is out of inbound
range
• Provides correct call status indication to the user
• This process includes organizing the voice and any embedded signaling information.
• Information such as call type (private, group or all system) as well as identification
information and/or control information, is used to notify listeners on a voice call system
events and status.
• ‘Late entry’ allows a user to join a voice transmission that is already in progress. The
system allows for this to happen because the digital signaling information is repeated
periodically during the course of the call.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
Module 2 - 48
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Embedded Digital Signaling – Basic Privacy
Transmit
Radio Receive
Radio
• The transmit radio will scramble the payload information prior to sending it
over-the-air.
• Upon receiving, the target radio will descramble the information.
• Embedded and stand alone digital signaling is not scrambled.
• Embedded digital signaling includes target and source ID, talkgroup ID and
emergency setting.
• Stand alone signaling includes Radio Disable, Radio Check, Call Alert and
Remote Monitor.
• Voice is not protected over any accessory or wire line.
Receive
Transmit Radio
Radio
• The transmit radio will scramble the payload information including IP/UDP
headers.
• Upon receiving, the target radio will descramble the information.
• Data that extends past the radio network is not protected.
- Text messages from deployed radios to mobile client’s e-mail addressable
devices are only protected over-the-air.
• Data messages are descrambled prior to entering the application server.
• Text messages stored in the radio’s inbox, outbox and sent items are not
protected.
• User can choose to enable or disable privacy via radio ‘Menu’ access
or by programmable button toggle.
• For radios enabled with Basic Privacy but without full displays, it is
recommended to not allow the users to toggle their radio’s privacy
settings via a programmable button. Without the visible indication, the
user will not be able to differentiate a secure channel from an insecure
one.
• In the event a receiving radio does not share an identical key as the
transmitting radio, unintelligible audio (digital warbles) will be heard on
the receiving side of the transmission or the radio remains muted.
• Digital Signaling features send special messaging packets over the network.
Radio Disable, Remote Monitor, Radio Check, Call Alert and Digital Emergency
are types of Digital Signaling features.
• PTT
AliasID
- When programmed
- Allows target radiovia
to the CPS the
identify or front panel,of
originator aauser
call.friendly
alphanumeric ‘name’ will be displayed.
• The disabled radio displays blank screen and is unable to make or receive
calls.
• This feature can be used to stop any inappropriate use of radio, or to stop
stolen radio from functioning.
• A call is silently set up on the target radio, and its PTT is controlled
remotely without any indications given to the end user.
• Besides Busy LED; Transmit LED is also lit (to indicate ACK is sent).
There is no visible or audible indication on the target radio.
• If the target radio presses the PTT when a Call Alert screen is active,
it starts a Private Call to the initiator of the Call Alert.
R01.05.00 R01.06.00
Emergency Call transmitted and above
impolitely over ongoing ALL Yes
CALL because all radios Is ALL CALL
already on channel where active?
ALL CALL active.
No
• VOX is suspended if the radio has any Transmit Interrupt feature enabled
• VOX is temporarily suspended when:
•The speaker un-mutes to incoming audio
- VOX resumes automatically when the speaker mutes
•The PTT button is pressed
- VOX resumes following a channel change, power cycle, or VOX re-
activation (via menu or programmable button)
•The Emergency Alarm button is pressed
- VOX resumes automatically after the emergency is cleared
• Channels from the Capacity Plus Channel Pool can NOT be assigned to
the ‘One Touch Access’ button.
• Upon powering up, the radio prompts the user to enter a 4-digit password.
• The radio enters and remains in a locked state for 15 minutes, even if powered
off, after three incorrect password attempts.
• The radio unmutes only when a relevant group is transmitting on the channel.
• The relevant groups for a given channel (group members) are defined by the
Receive (Rx) Group List associated with that channel.
• One Receive (Rx) Group List can contain a maximum of 16 group members and a
maximum of 50 Receive (Rx) Group Lists can be defined.
• For repeater channels, the group call hangtime is defined by a repeater timer and
for direct radio channels, the (talkaround) group call hangtime is defined by a radio
timer.
• The radio is allowed to talkback to the group for the duration specified by the group
call hangtime.
• If Auto Scan is enabled for a channel, a radio starts scanning as soon as that channel is
selected by the user, otherwise if Auto Scan is disabled, scan can be started / stopped via a
programmable button.
• While scanning, a radio is looking for “Activity of Interest” by continually sampling the Scan
Members (channels) contained in the Scan List associated with the selected channel.
• One Scan List can contain a maximum of 16 “Scan Members” and a maximum of 250 Scan
Lists can be defined.
• While sampling a given channel, “Activity of Interest” consists of incoming (voice or signaling)
transmissions addressed to the radio using:
• The radio’s individual address, or
• One of the group address contained in the Rx Group List associated with the channel
being sampled, or
• The “All Call” address
• A mixture of digital and analogue conventional channels may be included in a Scan List.
• Once the “Scan Hang Timer” expires then the radio resumes scanning again.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
Module 2 - 76
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Channel Scan (Cont.)
• If the user presses the PTT after the radio has stopped scanning as a result of finding
“Activity of Interest”, the radio will (depending on its configuration) transmit on one of the
following channels:
- The Active Channel (i.e. the current channel on which the radio stopped scanning as a
result of finding “Activity of Interest”) – this is the typical configuration.
- The selected channel.
- A specified conventional channel.
* The radio only remembers the Last Active channel and NOT the Last Active group, therefore
this configuration results in a transmission to the TX Contact Name associated with the Last
Active channel (which is not necessarily the Last Active group). To avoid confusion, it is
recommended that this configuration is only used if there is a single group in the RX Group
List for each channel and this single group corresponds to the channel’s TX Contact Name.
• Priority levels can be configured for members of a Scan List. Three levels
of priority are:
- Priority-1
- Priority-2
- Non-Priority
• Priority levels affect the order of scanning. The radio may re-order Non-
Priority scan members in order to optimize the scan efficiency.
then the radio stops scanning and switches to that channel for the duration
of the call.
• Channel marking offers a way to mitigate the duration of the audio hole.
• The radio assumes that if the activity on the higher priority scan member has
already been identified as not of interest, then there is no need to fully review it at
every scan interval.
- For a partial review the radio only verifies that the activity on the higher priority scan
member is of the same type as the activity which was previously identified as not of
interest, If this is the case then the radio assumes the current activity on the higher
priority scan member is the same activity which was previously identified as not of
interest. By verifying just the type of activity, the radio is able to get back to the current
call much faster. This assumption is made for a pre-determined number of times, after
which the activity on the higher priority scan member is fully reviewed again.
• The feature greatly increases audio quality while a radio is in priority sampling
mode.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
Module 2 - 81
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Channel Scan – Scan members with similar receive parameters
• A scan list with members that share the same receive parameters but different
transmit parameters may result in misdirected reply transmissions.
• When scanning, a radio only qualifies the receive parameters before landing on a
particular channel.
F1 Channel 1 F1
Radio 2
Radio scans
Channel 1 & 2
F1
F1
F3 Radio 3
F3
Analog: PL / DPL code
Digital : Color code / Rx Group
Channel 2
IP Network
Repeater
R1 R2
Repeater
Subscriber S2
S3
S1
Subscriber Subscriber
• Master: The repeater that is responsible for registering new repeaters and
notifying other repeaters of IP address changes.
• All Sites Light Up: Every radio call that is made is repeated across all linked
logical channels.
• Home Site – The site within the Roam List on which the radio
chooses to operate.
• User Control
– Change radio dial to change channels/sites.
– Initiate the Manual Site Roam to roam to next available
site.
– Use the Site Lock On/Off to lock to the current site.
• User Indications
– LED blinks yellow
– Site Roaming icon appears on display
• Radio searches Roam List whenever the signal strength of its current
Home Site dips below preprogrammed RSSI threshold.
• Site with the strongest signal is identified as the new Home Site.
Home Site =
Home Site =
Site 1 Site 2
A B
IP NETWORK IP NETWORK
Site 1 Site 2
C
SITE 1 SITE 2
• Scan or Roam
– MOTOTRBO does not support the ability to both roam between sites
and scan channels at a particular site.
• RSSI Threshold
– Programmable via CPS.
– If too low, radio stays at weaker site although stronger site is available.
– If too high, increase in roaming, increase in late entry.
– Site configuration should be taken into consideration.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
Module 2 - 94
MOTOTRBO Digital Features
Site Roaming – Roaming Considerations
SU SU SU SU SU
…
Subscribers
Channels
• Capacity Plus Voice Channels: Channels for voice and data calls.
• Capacity Plus Data Channels: Channels for data calls, except radio-to-radio
text messaging.
• Capacity Plus Voice List: List of all available Capacity Plus Voice Channels to
be used by the Capacity Plus system.
• Capacity Plus Data List: A list of all available Capacity Plus Data Channels to
be used by the Capacity Plus system.
- RDAC version 1.0 is not forward compatible with DR 3000 Repeaters containing
firmware R01.06.11 onwards and MTR3000 repeaters
- If you have already purchased a copy of RDAC version 1.0, please contact
Motorola Customer Care for a free replacement RDAC CD.
• These commands are compatible with wide and local area IP Site
Connect channels and Capacity Plus systems.
Master
IP Network R2
R1 Master
R6
R4 R5
Peer
R3
Peer
Peer
Peer
CPS
* It is possible for the Master or any of the Peer repeaters on the IP Network to be 8MB repeaters, however the
CPS will only “see” the 32MB repeaters on the IP Network.
• Operation:
• Configure CPS with IP address and UDP port number of Master repeater via Remote->IP System
Settings... on menu bar.
• Use Connect option to allow CPS to establish a connection with repeater system.
• On connecting to Master repeater, CPS learns addresses of all Peer repeaters on repeater system
(note: access to all Peer repeaters is via Master repeater).
• Firewall configuration may be required depending on system set up.
• When programming Repeaters within an IP Site Connect or Capacity Plus system, it is recommended
that Master repeater be programmed last.
• Codeplug password authentication may be required to access each repeater.
• IRP temporarily disables a repeater until programming is complete.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
Module 2 - 112
Topic 4 – MOTOTRBO Analog Features
Introduction
Voice Features
Additional Features
Time-Out Timer Sets the amount of time that the radio can continuously transmit before the transmission is
automatically terminated.
Squelch Special electronic circuitry added to the receiver of a radio which reduces or squelches,
unwanted signals before they are heard through the speaker.
Admit Criteria Enables a radio to refrain from transmitting on a channel which is already in use.
Monitor/Permanent Monitor The user can check channel activity by pressing the monitor button. If the channel is clear,
the user hears static. If the channel is in use, the user hears the conversation. It also
serves as a way to check the volume level of the radio, as while pressing the monitor
button, the user can adjust the volume of the static/conversation heard.
Priority/Dual Priority Scan Priority Scan allows a user to program the radio to scan more frequently transmissions on
the most important channel, and ensure they do not miss critical calls. Dual Priority Scan
allows a user to program a radio to frequently scan transmissions on the two most
important channels, and ensure they do not miss critical calls.
Talkback Scan with Home Talkback Scan allows activity on different communications channels to be monitored and
Channel Revert answered. Home Channel Revert allows a user to automatically access a preferred
channel.
Talkaround Allows a user to talk directly to another unit for easy local unit-to-unit communications and
bypass the repeater.
Nuisance Channel Delete Allows a user to remove a channel with unwanted activity (i.e. a Nuisance Channel) from
the scan list temporarily.
Overview
• Allows a mix of legacy Analog radios and Digital MOTOTRBO radios to share
the same repeater.
Bluetooth®
Integrated 5 Tone
Antennas
• After the radio and headset are successfully paired, the radio
sends ringing indications to the headset when there is an
incoming call. Ringtones will be heard on the headset speaker.
• The incoming call can be accepted by pressing the multi-function
button on the headset.
• This establishes a link with the headset and allows the headset
speaker/mic to be used as the active audio path for
communications.
• Upon disconnect of the Bluetooth headset, the radio reverts back
to its prior audio routing.
• If the headset is subsequently paired with the radio again, the
headset accepts the call automatically without requiring the user
to press the multi-function button. In this scenario, the ringtone
may not be heard by the user.
• When the headset is connected, the user can manually press the multi-
function button on the headset to disconnect from the radio.
• The audio path can be switched on/off via the radio’s interface even
when the headset speaker/mic are connected to the radio and
configured as the selected active audio path.
• Portables: Supports active audio path switching from the radio’s
interface via menu or a programmable button.
• Mobiles: Supports active audio path switching via programmable on/off
hook.
• The radio’s audio path is used for voice communication in the following
scenarios:
• When the Bluetooth audio path is switched off
• When the radio PTT button is pressed
• A separate Bluetooth Mic Gain is CPS programmable for both analog
and digital operation. This field is used for fine tuning the volume level
for outgoing voice communication.
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
Module 2 - 126
MOTOTRBO 2.X
Bluetooth® - Data
• After a barcode scanner has been paired to the radio, the data sent from
the barcode scanner to the radio can be routed to 3 possible locations:
o Radio option board
Supported for both analog and digital mode.
o Remote radio via Over-the-Air (OTA) interface
Supported only for digital mode.
Security for OTA interface transmissions can be provided by the radio’s
Enhanced Privacy feature.
Requires destination UDP port and IP address configuration via CPS.
o Data accessory
Supported for both analog and digital mode.
A non-PC XCMP peripheral that runs on a Serial Port Profile.
Mobiles
Portables
Coming
soon
Coming
soon
Coming
soon
Coming
soon
Coming
soon
• Subscribers configured to respond to the transmitted tone sequences will un-mute, while
others will remain muted.
• A Select 5 signaling standard defines 16 tones (0-9 and A-F), as well as 2 single tones (T1
and T2). The frequency and duration of the single tones are specified in the CPS.
• The CPS allows one to specify variable digits within tone sequence definition and these
digits will be replaced with 0-9, A-F before use. The supported digits are:
• A1-A8, replaced with the target subscriber’s address
• U1-U8, replaced with the initiating subscriber’s address
• S1-S3, replaced with the initiating subscriber’s status
MOTOTRBO™ System Training
Module 2 - 136
MOTOTRBO 2.X
Integrated 5 Tone - Differences
• There are some minor differences between the 5 Tone implementation for the new
MOTOTRBO 2.X platform and the legacy Motorola analogue radio platforms.
• These differences (which are described in this section) fall into the following
categories:
• Buttons
• Alerts
• Lists
• Emergency
• Radio stun
• The legacy 5 Tone Contact / Status / Call Log lists are presented with the
MOTOTRBO screen layout.
• The legacy 5 Tone Address / Status manual dial can also be accessed from the
MOTOTRBO Contact / Status lists.
• The legacy 5 Tone Missed call alert list is part of the MOTOTRBO Notification list.
• The legacy 5 Tone “Emergency Cycle mode” can no longer be programmed for
unlimited cycles. This is now configured from 1 to 255 (max) cycles.
• Telemetry
– Basic built-in telemetry functionality allows the radio to translate the receipt
of a telemetry message to GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) action,
and to translate GPIO action to a transmitted text message.
– Ability to configure radios as telemetry transponders. Telemetry commands
can be sent from the radio. The radios may be used to automatically send
information to the control and receive status of another device, and to send
messages to report the status of local devices. A user can enter a number
of text strings and assign an action and a destination address to each
string.
Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
MOTOTRBO Radios
Control Station Application Server
LAN /
Internet
Tx / Rx
– MOTOTRBO Portable and Mobile radios includes models that are equipped
with a built-in GPS receiver.
– Using the integrated data services, GPS equipped portables and mobiles are
able to transmit their location coordinates over the radio system, to a receiving
application that can display the radios’ geographic locations on a high
resolution map.
Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
USB
LAN
Fixed Client
(Location Client Application)
• The radio does not display its current location on the screen.
• Radio user is not aware that the radio is transmitting location coordinates
over the radio system.
• When a radio is turned on, and a channel is configured with the ‘ARS
Parameter’, the radio registers with a presence service. The location
application then learns that the radio is present within the system, and will
request explicit location updates as configured in the server application.
• The GPS equipped radio transmits updates over the radio system in
response to three service methods:
• Revert channel option is configurable via CPS. CPS options for the GPS
transmission are Selected, All or None.
- Non location update traffic should not be transmitted on the GPS Revert
channel when attempting to maximize the location load on the GPS
Revert channel.
- Do not add the GPS Revert channel into the scan list if the location load
is high. Scanning radios will often land on this channel and qualify
traffic that is not for them, this can slow scanning.
- In repeater mode, avoid placing the alternate slot associated with GPS
Revert channel into the scan list if the location load is high.
0 1 2 ……..…………...….. 13 14 15
0 1 2 3 …………..……...….. 79 80 81 82
30 sec
Window Window Window Window Window Window
1 min …. …. ….
0 1 2 3 81 82
2 mins
4 mins Data Frame 0 Sub 23 - Sub 48 Sub 13 - - - Sub 32 -
• In a system with many radios powering on within a short time, there can be many
collisions between ARS registration messages.
• To reduce collisions, the user can configure (using CPS) the maximum value of an
initial random delay for ARS registration in a range of 0 min to 4 hours
– Note “0 min” means that ARS registration message will be sent out between 5 sec
- 15 sec (not delayed)
• When to use:
– To avoid collisions of large number of radios sending ARS in a short period of time
– In any scenario where large number of radios power on in a short period of time
and delay in ARS registration message can be tolerated
• Basic built-in telemetry functionality allows the radio to translate the receipt of a
telemetry message to GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) action, and to
translate GPIO action to a transmitted Telemetry text message.
• Telemetry commands can be sent from the radio on a specific revert channel. A
user can enter a number of text strings and assign an action and a destination
address to each string.
Disclaimer: This is just an illustrative example. Actual control of fluid tanks may
have regulatory requirements.
Disclaimer: This is just an illustrative example. Actual control of fluid tanks may
have regulatory requirements.
Disclaimer: This is just an illustrative example. Actual control of fluid tanks may
have regulatory requirements.
Disclaimer: This is just an illustrative example. Actual control of fluid tanks may
have regulatory requirements.