Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
14 August 1
Aim and Objs
14 August 2
Flaw in Previos Design
14 August 3
Volume of Water Requirement
As per IS code, 135 liters is needed for
daily use per person per day.
Drinking – 5 liters
Cooking – 5 liters
Bathing & Toilet – 85 liters
Washing Clothes & Utensils – 30 liters
Cleaning House – 10 liters
14 August 4
Water Tank Size & Capacity Calculation
1m3 1000liters
650liters 0.65m3
Assume, h 0.6m
Area 0.65 / 0.6 1.083m 2
L 2* B
2 B * B 1.083m 2
B 0.54 0.74m
L 1.47m
14 August 5
Water Tank Size & Capacity Calculation
1m3 1000liters
650liters 0.65m3
V r 2h
14 August 6
Theory: Solar water heaters
The principle and operation of this solar system is as follows
14 August 7
The principles of water circulation without pump
The solar collector system is a passive system which is independent from electricity.
It has no pumps.
The hot fluid is moved between the collector and the tank by convection, relying on the
simple principle that warm water always rises.
As long as the sun is shining on the collector, fluid is heated, goes up into the coil in the
tank, hot water is used, colder fluid drains back into the collector and the tank is
replenished with fresh cold water which is heated up again, so there is a constant
circulation.
This process provides a tank full of hot water within a few hours of sunshine during a
sunny day.
14 August 8
Solar collector
The collector collects the energy from the sun and converts it to heat.
The flat-plate collector consists of:
A wood frame
14 August 9
Metal flat-plate absorber
The absorber consists of a metal sheet which is welded to metal pipes.
•2 m2
iron welding
For a good heat transfer from the metal plate to the pipes,
the connection is very important.
So the weld should be continuous.
The distance between each hole of two horizontal bigger pipes need to be identical
14 August 11
Frame
14 August 12
Black Paint
Solar paint
If there is no solar paint available, non-toxic (water soluble) paint, e.g. pigment paint
to avoid condensation, make sure the paint is completely dry before putting the glass
cover
Heat insulation
Insulation must be installed in a way that no water can enter inside the insulation.
14 August 13
Hot water tank with heat exchanger a coil (made from metaloplast or copper)
Fluid can be just water or a mixture of water and propylene glycol or antifreeze
Absorber surface (m2) Tank Capacity (liters) Heat exchanger length (m)
2 100 - 200 6
4 200 - 400 12
6 400 - 800 24
etc
14 August 14
Hot water tank with heat exchanger
The heat exchanger should be made from metaloplast tubes, because they transfer the
heat very well.
The heat exchanger must be located in the lower half of the tank, because the cold
water inlet from the fresh water supply is at the lower end, and the heated water will then
rise up to the top.
To preserve heat, the hot water tank has to be insulated very well.
14 August 15
To ensure the heat does not get lost on the way, need to make the distance between the
collector and the tank as short as possible, and insulated the pipes
Expansion tank
The expansion tank is used because heated water expands and that will
burst the pipes.
14 August 16
The tank has to be on a higher position than the collector to enable circulation
(minimum 0,5 m).
The water has to go up from the collector to the tank, to enable circulation without pump.
14 August 17
Positioning and mounting
The optimal collector position is facing directly to the direct sunlight, at a place where
there is no shadow from trees or other objects to maximize the amount of sunlight.
14 August 18
Positioning and mounting
Maintenance
• check and refill the fluid for circulation
• clean the glass cover so the sun’s rays can pass through easily
• check the insulation of all parts to prevent heat losses
• check the pipes and connections that there are no leaks
• always make sure the warm water tank is filled with water
14 August 19
Materials for solar absorber collector
14 August 20
Materials for heat exchanger
14 August 21
14 August 22