Current and Emerging

Trends

 Global Trends
 Local Trends
 Environmental Management
 Global Trends

 Global Competitiveness
 Global Warming
 Sustainable Development
 Green Consumerism
 Global Trends

1. Global Competitiveness
 Increased productivity
 Improved product quality
 Cost effectiveness
 Safety
 Environment friendly
 Social Conscience
 Global Trends

 Globalization – refers to the process of global integration
of the economics of nations by allowing the unrestricted
flow of goods, services, investments and currencies
between countries
Globalization phenomenon is happening because of
1. Technological revolution in transportation,
telecommunication and information technology.
2. Revolution in IT has reduced the time of introducing
new products to the market. Before it is “big eats small”
but now “fast eats slow” (Moore’s Law)
 Global Trends

3. World Trade Organizations (WTO) move towards
liberalization
4. Transnational companies need to maximize their
presence in every market and minimize cost by
constantly improving supply chain meeting through
just in time global sourcing and improved
productivity within the value chain
 Global Competitiveness

The global economy is facing rising food and energy
prices, a major international financial crisis and the
slowdown in the world’s leading economies. These
challenges require each economy to increase its
global competitiveness to ensure solid economic
performance today and in the future.
 Global Competitiveness

The World Economic Forum’s annual Global
Competitiveness Report 2008-2009 ranked the Philippines
at 71 out of 134 countries. Competitiveness is defined as
the set of institutions, policies and factors that determine
the level of productivity of a country. The level of
productivity sets the natural level of productivity of a
country. The level of productivity sets the sustainable
level of prosperity that can be earned by an economy.
More competitive economies tend to be able to produce
higher levels of income for their citizens. The productivity
level also determines the rate of return obtained by
investments in an economy.
 Global Competitiveness

In a smaller scale, a company must be able to increase
productivity, lower cost and ensure high quality and
safety products to be able to compete in the market.
Certifications such as ISO (e.g. ISO 9000, 14000,
22000), HACCP, HALAL and Social Accountability
8000 can add to the competitiveness of a company
especially if their clients/ market requires them to
have certifications
 Global Warming

Global Warming is a concern of everyone.
For over the past 200 years, the burning of fossil fuels,
such as coal and oil, and deforestation have caused
the concentrations of heat trapping “greenhouse
gases” to increase significantly in our atmosphere.
These gases prevent heat from escaping to space. As
the concentration of these gases continue to increase
in the atmosphere, the earth’s temperature is
climbing above past levels causing climate change
and rising sea level.
 Global Warming

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC,
2007) concluded that: Human beings are exposed to
climate change through changing weather patterns. One
major move to address global warming/climate change is
Kyoto Protocol, which contains legally binding emission
targets for developed countries for the post 2000 period.
They have committed to reduce their collective emissions
of six key greenhouse gases by at least 5%. The Clean
Development Mechanism under this protocol enables the
industrialized countries to finance emission reduction
projects in developing countries and receive credit for
doing so.
 Global Warming

Global Warming Fingerprints:
 Heat waves and periods of unusually warm weather
 Ocean warming, sea level rise, coastal flooding
 Glacier’s melting
 Arctic and Antarctic warming
 Spreading Disease
 Earlier spring arrival
 Plant and animal range shifts and population change
 Coral reef bleaching
 Downpours, heavy snowfalls and flooding
 Droughts and fires
 Local Scenarios due to
Global Warming

 Increasing cases of dengue fever, typhoid fever and
cholera
 Stronger Typhoons (e.g. Milenyo, Frank)
 Coral bleaching
 Hotter summer days
 Rising sea level
Earth Hour – an international event created by the WWF,
held on the last Sunday of March that asks households
and businesses to turn off their essential lights and
electrical appliances for one hour to raise awareness
towards the need to take action on global warming
 Sustainable
Development

 Local Trends

Food Safety
Energy Conservation
Environmental Issues
Health and Safety
Community Issues
 Food Safety

 Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP)

-sets of sanitation guidelines for the food handlers in a food

processing plant or establishment to ensure safe wholesome
and quality products
 Food Safety

 Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points
(HACCP)

-a scientific, rational and systematic approach to

identification, assessment and control of hazards
during production, processing, manufacturing,
preparation and use of food to ensure that food is
safe when consumed.
 Food Safety

 7 Principles of HACCP

1. Conduct a hazard analysis

2. Identify critical control points
3. Establish critical limits for each critical control point.
4. Establish critical control point monitoring
requirements.
5. Establish corrective actions.
6. Establish procedures for ensuring the HACCP system is
working as intended.
7. Establish record keeping procedures.
 Food Safety

 ISO 22000

-specifies the requirements for a food safety management

system that involves the following elements:

 interactive communication
 system management
 prerequisite programs
 HACCP principles
 Energy Conservation

Why do we need to conserve energy?

 High Cost of Electricity

 Low/diminishing supply of fossil fuel
 Environmental Impacts (eg. Air Pollution, Global
Warming)
 Energy Conservation

 Energy Management
-steps taken to minimize energy that is used and wasted
 Energy Efficiency
-conservation and use of energy; a measure of the
productivity per unit of energy consumed; employs
devices which results in less energy being used for the
same task and function
 Energy Conservation
-saving energy by any means including energy efficiency
and adopting practices to reduce energy consumption
 Energy Conservation

 Improved energy efficiency and conservation
-provide the greatest scope for reducing energy
requirements and its negative impact to the environment
 Energy Audit
-critical assessment of an energy consuming facility;
an effective energy management tool
 National Energy Efficiency and Conservation
Program(NEECP)
-declared policy of the government to promote the judicious
conservation and efficient utilization of energy resources
through adoption of the cost-effective options toward the
efficient use of energy to minimize environmental impact.
 Environmental Issues

Environmental Laws and Regulations
 RA 6969 (Toxic Substance and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Act)
-AN ACT TO CONTROL TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND HAZARDOUS
AND NUCLEAR WASTES, PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR
VIOLATIONS THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
 DAO 92-29
-IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF
REPUBLIC ACT 6969
 RA 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act)
-AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, CREATING THE NECESSARY
INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES, DECLARING
CERTAIN ACTS PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING PENALTIES,
APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES
 Environmental Issues

Environmental Laws and Regulations
 RA 8749 (Clean Air Act)
-AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE AIR
POLLUTION CONTROL POLICY AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES.
 DAO 2000-81
-IRR for RA 8749
 RA 9275 (Clean Water Act)
-AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE WATER
QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
 DAO 05-10
-IRR for RA9275
 Environmental Issues

Environmental Laws and Regulations
 PD 586 (Environmental Impact Assessment System)
-AMENDING REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6372 ENTITLED: "AN ACT
CREATING THE MUNICIPALITY OF DUPAX DEL SUR FROM THE
MUNICIPALITY OF DUPAX IN THE PROVINCE OF NUEVA
VIZCAYA," INSERTING NEW SECTIONS THEREIN, PROVIDING FOR
IMPLEMENTATION THEREOF.
 DAO 96-37
-IRR for EIS
 RA 9367 (Biofuels Act)
-AN ACT TO DIRECT THE USE OF BIOFUELS, ESTABLISHING
FOR THIS PURPOSE THE BIOFUEL PROGRAM, APPROPRIATING
FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
 Health and Safety

Work Force Issues
-Healthy and safe work environment
-Health insurance premiums
 Health and Safety

 Occupational Injury
-any injury which results from a work accident
or from exposure in the work environment
 Health and Safety

Typical Occupational Injuries
 Cuts, Lacerations, Punctures, Avulsions
 Contusions, Bruises, Hematoma, Abrasions
 Strains, Sprains, Dislocations, Fractures
 Burns & Scalds (Thermal, Chemical)
 Crushing, Spinal, Cranial Injuries
 Amputations, Loss of Body Parts
 Foreign Body in the Eye
 Electrocution, Electric Shock
 Asphyxiation, Poisoning
 Health and Safety

 Occupational Illness
-any abnormal condition or disorder other than
resulting from an occupational injury, caused by
exposure to environmental factors associated with
employment
 Health and Safety

 PD 442 (Labor Code of the Philippines Article 162)
-A DECREE INSTITUTING A LABOR CODE THEREBY
REVISING AND CONSOLIDATING LABOR AND SOCIAL LAWS TO
AFFORD PROTECTION TO LABOR, PROMOTE EMPLOYMENT AND
HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND INSURE INDUSTRIAL
PEACE BASED ON SOCIAL JUSTICE

-provides the establishment of OSH Standards

(Occupational Safety and Health Standards)
Community Issues

Right-to-know
NIMBY syndrome
NIMTO
Waste Segregation
Participatory
 Community Issues

 NIMBY (Not – In – My – Back - Yard)
-reflects the propensity of local citizens and officials to insist on
siting unwanted but necessary facilities anywhere but in their
own community.

 NIMTO (Not – In – My – Term in - Office)

-no politicians will risk any challenging decisions if his/her
community does not want any facilities to be built in their area
 Community Issues

 Minamata Disease
-neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning.
Symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general
muscle weakness, narrowing of the field of vision and damage to
hearing and speech. In extreme cases, insanity, paralysis, coma, and
death follow within weeks of the onset of symptoms. A congenital
form of the disease can also affect fetuses in the womb.

 Minamata Bay Tragedy

-From 1932 to 1968, Chisso Corporation, a company located in
Kumamoto Japan, dumped an estimated 27 tons of mercury
compounds into Minamata Bay
 Community Issues

 Bhopal Disaster
A gas leak incident in India, considered one of the world's worst
industrial catastrophes.

It occurred on the night of December 2–3, 1984 at the Union Carbide

India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh,
India.

A leak of methyl isocyanate (42 tons) gas and other chemicals from the
plant resulted in the exposure of hundreds of thousands of people.
 Community Issues

 Marcopper Tragedy
Philippines' biggest industrial accident.

March 24 ,1996, a tunnel in Marcopper Mining Corporation’s Tapian

Pit collapse and spilled 1.6 million cubic meters of mine sludge and
causing biologic death of the Boac River, the biggest and longest
waterway on Marinduque island.

The toxic spills immediately caused flash floods which isolated five
villages. Their sources of drinking water were contaminated while
fish, freshwater shrimp and pigs were killed.