Activated Sludge

overview
Domestic and industrial wastewater problem
Characteristics of wastewater :
 Soluble organics causing depletion of dissolved
oxygen
 Suspended solids
 Priority pollutants such as phenol causing tastes
and odors
 Heavy metals, cyanide, and toxic organics
 Colour and turbidity
 Nitrogen and phosphorus causing eutrophication
when discharge to lake, ponds, etc
Activated Sludge Process
 The objective of activated sludge process is to
remove soluble and insoluble organics from a
waste stream and to convert this material into a
flocculent microbial suspension that is readily
settleable and will permit to use of gravitational
solid-liquid separation techniques.
 Activated sludge is an aerobic process with
CO2 and H2O as a reaction’s products.
Type of Activated Sludge
Conventional
Activated Sludge
Consist of :
 pre sedimentation = decreasing suspended solids
 aeration = organic pollutants degradation by microorganism
 Sedimentation = biomass settling and resirculation
Extended Aeration

 no pre sedimentation
 aeration time and sludge age are longer than conventional
activated sludge
 Operation system with F/M ratio lower than conventional
activated sludge
 Oxidation Ditch
 oval aeration ditch
 Have a hydraulic retention time 24 hours

Step Aeration
 Multiple channel for influent to increase distribution
High Rate Activated Sludge
 used to treat wastewater with high concentration of BOD
 Low hydraulic retention time with high concentration of MLSS

Activated Sludge With Pure Oxygen

 improve dissolved oxygen
Contact Stabilization

 Lower total hydraulic retention time (4 – 8 hours), 1 – 2 hours

in aeration and 3 – 6 hours in stabilization pond
 Higher removal efficiency
Parameters in activated sludge process
 MLSS (Mixed liqour suspended solid)
Total of suspended solids, include microorganism
 MLVSS (Mixed liqour volatile suspended solid)
Organic matter (65 – 75% MLSS)
 F/M Ratio
indication of organic load (kg BOD/kg MLSS)
 HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time)
volume (V)/influent flow (Q)
 Sludge Age
retention time of microorganism in system
 SVI (Sludge Volume Index)
sludge volume in mixed sludge and wastewater after
settling process
Degradation of organic pollutants by
microorganism
 The bacteria contribute to the oxidation of
organic material and nutrients
transformation. Bacteria will produce a
polysaccharide and a polymer material
which helps flocculation biomass. So, it can
easily settled.

 3 C6H12O6 (organic pollutants) + 2 NH3 +

8O2  8CO2 + 14H2O + 2 C5H7NO2

 C5H7NO2 (sel) + 5O2  5CO2 + NH3 +

2H2O
Conclusions
 Activated sludge is the biological process to degrade organic
matter in the wastewater into an easy floc settles. Activated
sludge process including aerobic process which is decomposition
of organic pollutants in wastewater by utilizing microorganisms
and O2 convert to CO2 and H2O.

 The types of activated sludge systems such as: the conventional

activated sludge process, extended aeration, oxidation ditch, step
aeration, contact stabilization, high rate activated sludge, and
activated sludge with pure oxygen.

 Parameters in the activated sludge process include: MLSS,

MLVSS, F/M ratio, retention time, sludge age, and SVI.

 Microorganisms in the activated sludge process acts to

decompose the organic pollutants in wastewater. Organic
pollutants used as a nutritional source of microorganisms.
Decomposition of organic pollutants produce CO2 and H2O.
LUMPUR AKTIF

Proses biologis untuk pengolahan

limbah cair yang memiliki kandungan
organik dengan menggunakan
mikroorganisme
LUMPUR AKTIF

Reaksi umum penguraian oleh

mikroorganisme

CaHbOcNd + O2 → CO2 + NxOy + CXHY +

H 2O

Reaksi yang terlibat : nitrifikasi,

fermentasi, dekomposisi, biodegradasi
LUMPUR AKTIF

2 NH4+ + 3O2 → 2NO2- + 4H+ + 2H2O

+ energy
Nitrosomonas

2NO2 + O2 → 2NO3- + energy

Nitrobacter
LUMPUR AKTIF

C6H12O6 + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate → 2 lactic acid

+ 2 ATP

C6H12O6 + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate → 2 C2H5OH +

2 CO2 + 2 ATP
KOMPONEN BIOLOGIS

 Bakteri
 Fungi
 Protozoa
 Rotifer
 Virus
KOMPONEN BIOLOGIS : BAKTERI

Bakteri Heterotrof

Bakteri Autotrof
KOMPONEN BIOLOGIS : FUNGI
KOMPONEN BIOLOGIS : PROTOZOA
KOMPONEN BIOLOGIS : ROTIFER
KOMPONEN BIOLOGIS VIRUS