LITERATURE

REGION I
ILOCOS REGION
 I.HISTORY
• The Region was first inhabited by the Negritos before they were
pushed by the successive waves of Austronesian immigrants.
• The Spanish arrived in the 16th century and established
Christian missions and Governmental institutions to control the
native population and convert them to catholicism.
• *1901-The Region came under American colonial rule.
• *1941-Under Japanese occupation.
• *1945-The combined troops of American and Philippine
Commonwealth along with the Ilocano and Pangasinan
guerillas liberated the Ilocos region from Japanese forces during
the second World War.
HISTORY
(CULTURE AND TRADITION)
• Clothing
• * Region 1 residents are very meticulous when it comes to
clothing.
• * They dress up according to their age and perceive wealth.
• *During rainy season, they wear a headdress of Labig leaves,
which extends well down the back.

• Family
• *Conforms to the general Filipino pattern .Most families compose
of an average size(6-7 persons)
• *Father: the head of the family
• *Mother: the Ilaw ng Tahanan (light of the home)
• *Eldest child: responsible in dividing the chores equally among
siblings.
2.Characteristics of Literature
• Ilocano literature or Iloko literature
• -pertains to the literary works of Ilocano ancestry regardless of
the language used-be it Iloko, English, Spanish or other foreign
and Philippine languages.
• Iloko- is the language ; Ilocano- refers to the people
• Pre-Colonial times to the 19th century
-were composed of folk songs, riddles, proverbs, lamentations
called Dung-aw and epic stories in written or oral form.
Dallot- an improvised, verified and at times impromptu long
poem delivered in a sing-song manner.
• Pedro Bucaneg - was the first known Ilocano poet
• -’’Father of Ilocano Poetry and Literature
• During the 18th century, the missionaries used religious as well
as secular literatures among other means to advance their
mission of converting the Ilokanos to Christianity.
•
Comedia - a highly picturesque presentation of the war between
Christian and Muslims.
• Zarzuela - an equally picturesque depiction of what is at once
melodrama, comic-opera and the skit interminably pre-occupied
with the eternal theme of boy-meets-girl-who-always-live-
happily-ever-after-against-seemingly-impossible-odds are still
as popular today as they were when first stage in the Ilocos.
• Every short story writers had practically no literary background
in their attempts. Most of the stories published dealt with
themes of war, guerilla activities, murder, pillage and death.

• Among these scholars were:

• Leopoldo Y. Yabes- his findings showed that Iloko Literature
began with Pedro Bucaneg.
• Thomas B. Alcid- made a study on the Iloko prose fiction and
discussed the Iloko short story and the Iloko novel and their
possibilities in Philippine Literature.
• Mercedes F. Guerrero- her findings showed that the Iloko
stories offer a mine of information about the ideals and customs
of the Filipino people.
3. Distuinguished Authors and Their
Works
• A. Carlos Bulosan (Nov.13,1913-Sept.11,1956)
• - was an English-language Filipino novelist and poet
• Works: The Laughter of My Father
• The Cry and The Dedication
My Father’s Tragedy

B. Francisco Sionil Jose (Dec.3 1924)

• - is one of the most widely-read Filipino writers in the English language.
• Works: Po-on (Dusk) Mass
The Pretenders Tree
My Brother, My Executioner
• C. Gregorio Taer Affiano (Nov.17,1934)
• - he was a fictionist and a teacher
• Works: Arado
• Do Not Look For Their Mercy
• Peace (Talna)
• Well (Bubon)
• Footprints (Tugot)
4. Distuinguished Poets and Essayists and Their
Works
• Pedro Bukaneg- he was a Filipino poet
• - “The Father of Ilokano Literature”
• Works: Biag ni Lam-ang (Life of Lam-ang)
• Doctrina Cristiana (Iloko Version)

• Leona Florentino- was a Filipino poet in the Spanish and Ilokano languages
• - she is considered as the “Mother of Philippine Women’s
Literature” and the “Bridge from oral to literary tradition”
• Works: Rucrunoy (Dedication)
• Naangaw a Cablaw (Good Greetings)
• Leon XIII
• Salvador P. Lopez- was a Filipino writer, journalist, educator,
diplomat and statesman.
• Works: Literature and Society (Essay)
• Essays on Life and Letters
 II. Short Story (Summary)
“ BIAG NI LAM-ANG”
By: Pedro Bukaneg
• Don Juan and his wife Namongan lived in Nalbuan, now part of La Union in the
northern part of the Philippines. They had a son named Lam-ang. Before Lam-ang was
born, Don Juan went to the mountains in order to punish a group of their Igorot
enemies. While he was away, his son Lam-ang was born. It took four people to help
Namongan give birth. As soon as the baby boy popped out, he spoke and asked that he
be given the name Lam-ang. He also chose his godparents and asked where his
father was. After nine months of waiting for his father to return, Lam-ang decided he
would go look for him. Namongan thought Lam-ang was up to the challenge but she
was sad to let him go. During his exhausting journey, he decided to rest for awhile.
He fell asleep and had a dream about his father's head being stuck on a pole by the
Igorot. Lam-ang was furious when he learned wha thad happened to his father. He
rushed to their village and killed them all, except for one whom he let go so that he
could tell other people about Lam-ang's greatness. Upon returning to Nalbuan
in triumph, he was bathed by women in the Amburayan river.
• All the fish died because of the dirt and odor from Lam-ang's body. There was
a young woman named Ines Kannoyan whom Lam-ang wanted to woo. She lived in
Calanutian and he brought along his white rooster and gray dog to visit her. On the
way, Lam-ang met his enemy Sumarang, another suitor of Ines whom he fought
and readily defeated. Lam-ang found the house of Ines surrounded by many suitors
all of whom were trying to catch her attention. He had his rooster crow, which caused
a nearby house to fall. This made Ines look out. He had his dog bark and in an instant
the fallen house rose up again. The girl's parents witnessed this and called for him.
The rooster expressed the love of Lam-ang. The parents agreed to a marriage with
their daughter if Lam-ang would give them a dowry valued at double their wealth.
Lam-ang had no problem fulfilling this condition and he and Ines were married. It
was a tradition to have a newly married man swim in the river for the rarang fish.
Unfortunately, Lam-ang dove straight into the mouth of the water monster Berkakan.
Ines had Marcos get his bones, which she covered with a piece of cloth. His rooster
crowed and his dog barked and slowly the bones started to move. Back alive, Lam-
ang and his wife lived happily ever after with his white rooster and gray dog.
 GROUP 1
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