MASS AND MOLAR TRANSPORT BY

CONVECTION

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Mass and Molar Units?

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Mass and Molar Units?

When chemical reactions When the diffusion

are involved, molar units equations are solved
are usually preferred. together with the
equation of motion,
mass units are usually
preferable.
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Mass and Molar Concentration
Specie symbol  α
Mass Concentration Molar Concentration

Mass concentrationρα Molar concentration cα

Mass of specie α per unit Number of moles of
volume of solution specie α per unit volume
of solution
Mass fractionωα= ρα / ρ
Moll fractionxα= cα / c

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Mass Average and Molar Average Velocity
In a diffusing mixture, the various chemical species are moving at different
velocities. By vα the "velocity of species α" it does not mean the velocity of
an individual molecule of species α. Rather, it means the average of all the
velocities of molecules of species α within a small volume.

Mass Avg. Velocity Molar Avg. Velocity

for a mixture of N Similarly, one may define

species, the local mass a local molar average
average velocity v is velocity v* by
defined as

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Molecular Mass and Molar Fluxes
we defined mass/molar flux of α as the flow of mass/moles of α
through a unit area per unit time.
Molecular Mass Flux Molecular Molar Flux
(i) velocity of species α (i) Velocity of species α
relative to the mass relative to the molar
average velocity v. average velocity v*
(ii)The transportation of mass (ii)The transportation of
of α in a binary mixture by moles of α in a binary
means of molecular mixture by means of
motions. (Fick’s Law). molecular motions. (Fick’s
Law-molar units).

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Convective Mass and Molar Fluxes
In addition to transport by molecular motion, mass may also be
transported by the bulk motion of the fluid

 The volume rate of flow across the plane perpendicular to the surface
element dS perpendicular to the x-axis is vxdS.
 The rate at which mass of species α is being swept across the same
surface element is then ραvxdS.
 We can write similar expressions for the mass flows of species a across
the surface elements perpendicular to the y- and z-axes as ραvydS and
ραvzdS, respectively

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Convective Mass and Molar Fluxes

If we now multiply each of these expressions by

the corresponding unit vector, add them, and
divide by dS, we get as the convective mass flux
vector, which has units of kg/m2 s.

Similarly, as the convective molar flux vector will

be as follows with units of kg-mol/m2 s.

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Combined Mass and Molar Fluxes

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