SOCRATES

• CONCERNED WITH THE PROBLEM OF THE SELF.

• ENGAGED IN A SYSTEMATIC QUESTIONING ABOUT THE SELF.
• THE UN EXAMINED LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING.
• THE WORSE THAT CAN HAPPEN TO ANYONE IS TO LIVE BUT DIE INSIDE.
(PRESERVE THEIR SOULS AFTERLIFE)
• EVERY MAN IS COMPOSED OF BODY AND SOUL.
• -BODY THE IMPERFECT/UN PERMANENT
• -SOUL PERFECT AND PERMANENT
PLATO
• MAN IS DUAL IN NATURE OF BODY AND SOUL.
• THREE COMPONENTS OF THE SOUL
• THE RATIONAL SOUL

• FORGED BY REASON AND INTELLECT WHICH AND GOVERN THE

AFFAIRS OF THE HUMAN PERSON
• THE APIRITED SOUL

• IN CHARGE OF EMOTIONS
• THE APPETITIVE SOUL
• IN CHARGE OF BASIC DEIRES LIKE EATING, DRINKING AND SEX
ST. AUGUSTINE

ST. AUGUSTINE
-MAN IS DIVIDED WITH BETWEEN THE WORLD AND
DIVINITY
-THROUGH THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY, MAN CAN STILL
FIND HIS PERFECTIONS AFTER DEATH WITH OUR GOD
THOMAS AQUINAS
MAN IS COMPOSED OF MATTER AND FORM (MORPHE) OUR
ESSENCE
SOUL MAKES US HUMAN
• MAN IS COMPOSED OF TWO PARTS
• MATTER/ HYLE- COMMON STUFF THAT MAKES UP EVERYTHING IN THE
UNIVERS. (MANS BODY)’
• FORM/ MORPHE- IS THE “ESSENCE OF A SUBSTANCE OR THING”
• SOUL IS WHAT ANIMATES THE BODY, IT MAKES US HUMAN.
RENE DECARTES
 METHOD OF DOUBT
 SKEPTICAL ARGUMENTS (ILLUSION, DREAMS) —> DOUBT OF SENSES
• HUMAN HAVING BODY AND MIND.
• THE EXISTENCE OF THE SELF IS ONE THING THAT CANNOT BE DOUBTED.
• SELF IS COMBINATION OF TWO DISTINCT ENTITIES
• COGITO- THE THING THAT THINKS (MIND)
• EXTENZA/EXTENSION OF THE MIND-(BODY)
• SELF THINKING THING-AFFIRMS/DENIES
• WILLS/REFUSES
• IMAGINE /PERCIEVES
HUME
• SELF IS BUT A BUNDLE OF IMPRESSIONS
• CATEGORIES:
EXPERIENCES CAN BE CATEGORIZED INTO TWO
1. IMPRESSION AND
2. IDEAS
IMPRESSIONS ARE THE BASIC OBJECTS OF OUR EXPERIENCES OR SENSATION.
IDEAS ARE COPIES OF IMPRESSIONS.
RYLE
• HE SOLVES THE MIND-BODY DICHOTOMY
• TO HIM WHAT MATTERS IS THE BEHAVIOR THAT A PERSON MANIFEST IN
A DAY-TO-DAY BASIS

• EXAMPLE:
• VISITING A FRIEND IN A UNIVERSITY
• WHILE IN THE INTENTION IS VISITING A FRIEND YOU WILL ALSO LOOK AROUND
AND OBSERVE THE PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ATTRIBUTES OF THE UNIVERSITY
IMMANUEL KANT

• OUR MIND ORGANIZES WHAT WE SEE IN THE WORLD

• OUR ACQUISITION OF KNOWLEDGE MAKES OUR PERSONALITY
• HE SAID THAT SELF IS CONVENIENT NAME USED TO DEFINE THE
BEHAVIOR PEOPLE MAKE.
MERLEAU-PONTY

• HE SAID THAT OUR MIND AND BODY ARE INTERTWINED AND CANNOT BE
SEPARATED FROM EACH OTHER.
• THE LIVING BODY, HIS THOUGHTS AND EMOTIONS AND ESPERIENCE ARE
ALL ONE
In your own words, state what “SELF” is for each of
the following philosophers.
After doing so, explain how your concept of self is
compatible with how they conceived of the “self”
• 1. SOCRATES
• 2. PLATO
• 3. AUGUSTINE
• 4. DESCARTES
• 5. HUM3
• 6. MERLEAU- PONTY