Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Third century AD
- associations of traders and craftsmen called collegia
existed in ancient Rome as a means of monopolizing
trade and establishing trading practices.
Tenth century AD
- The The collegia did survive in the Byzantine Empire
and particularly in what is now Istanbul.
- The Book of the Prefect, a manual of government was
drawn to describe an elaborate guild organization
whose primary function was the imposition of rigid
controls, especially for financial and tax-raising
purposes on every craft and trade in the city.
Eleventh century AD
- The guild system was established. Guilds came to
control the distribution and sale of food, cloth, and
other goods and compelled foreign merchants to pay
a fee if they wanted to participate in local trade.
- the skill of the workman rather than his equipment
determined the quantity and quality of his output.
(Journeyman was common)
Thirteenth century AD
- In 1300, Edward I, King of England brought in a statute
that no gold or silver be sold until tested by the ‘Gardiens
of the Craft’ and struck with the leopard’s head first
known as the king’s mark.
Sixteenth century AD
- The guild system was in decline with the emergence of
regulated companies and other associations of wealthy
merchant-capitalists.
Eighteenth century AD
- Under the influence of Adam Smith the age of the
specialist was born.
Nineteenth century AD
- In Taylor formulated the task concept where the work
of every worker is fully planned in advance and each
man receives in most cases written work instructions
describing in detail the task which he is to accomplish as
well as the means to be used in doing the work.
1900–20
- The Taylor’s principles (adopted in ISO 9000) were as
follows:
1. ‘Develop a science for each element of a man’s work.
2. ‘Scientifically select and then train, teach and develop
the workman.
3. ‘Heartily cooperate with the men so as to ensure all of
the work is being done in accordance with the principles of
the science that have been developed’.
4. ‘There is an almost equal division of the work and the
responsibility between the management and the workers.
1950s
- Quality management emerged as a function in
industry after WWII and the principles were codified by
J M Juran in his Quality Control Handbook of 1951.
- In 1959 the first national standard, Mil Std 9858 on
quality program requirements was issued by the
American Department of Defense.
1960s
- The Mil-Q-9858 was followed by a number of military
standards relating to the management of product
quality for procurement purposes.
1970s
- The In 1975, Canada was the first nation to develop and
publish quality system standards for commercial (non-
military) use.
1980s
- The birth of ISO 9000 which was drafted by 26 countries.
Each country connected with its development then
brought out a national equivalent.
- ISO 9000 was published in 1987 as a set of six standards.
ISO 8402, ISO 900–1, ISO 9001, ISO 9002, ISO 9003 and ISO
9004–1.
1990s
- The popularity of ISO 9000 grew. Initially it was used
entirely within the manufacturing sector and was also
adopted by the service sector. Initially being used in
product-related services it soon took off among the
professions, schools, health care, transport, agriculture etc.
• Reviews (1992, 1994, 2000)
Little q to Big Q
ISO 9004:1994
ISO 9004:2000
The 3 pillars of ISO 9000
It is the quality of leadership in an
organization that creates an environment in
which people will do the right things right
without having to be told.