Exponents

exponent

power 5 3

base

Example: 125  53 means that 53 is the exponential

form of the number 125.
The Laws of Exponents:
#1: Exponential form: The exponent of a power indicates how
many times the base multiply itself.

x  x  x  x  x  x  x  x
n

n times

Example: 5  5  5  5
3
The Laws of Exponents:

#2: Multiplicative Law of Exponents: If the bases are the same

And if the operations between the bases is multiplication, then the
result is the base powered by the sum of individual exponents .

mn
x x  x
m n

3 4
Example: 2  2  2  23 4 7

Proof: 2  2   2  2  2    2  2  2  2  
3 4

2  2  2  2  2  2  2  27
The Laws of Exponents:
#3: Division Law of Exponents: If the bases are the same
And if the operations between the bases is division, then the
result is the base powered by the difference of individual
exponents .
m
x mn
n
 x m
 x n
 x
x
54
Example: 3  54  53  543  51  5
5

5   5  5 5
5 4
Proof: 3  5
5 5 55
The Laws of Exponents:
#4: Exponential Law of Exponents: If the exponential form
is powered by another exponent, then the result is the base
powered by the product of individual exponents.

x 
n
m
x mn

Example:  4 
3 2
4 32
46

Proof:  4    4  4  4   4  4  4   4  4  4 
3 2 2

 4  4  4  4  4  4  46
 The Laws of Exponents:

#5: Product Law of Exponents: If the product of the bases

is powered by the same exponent, then the result is a multiplication
of individual factors of the product, each powered by the given

 xy 
exponent.

x y
n n n

Example: 36  6   2  3  2  3
2 2 2 2

Proof: 2  3  4  9  36
2 2
The Laws of Exponents:
#6: Quotient Law of Exponents: If the quotient of the bases
is powered by the same exponent, then the result is both
numerator and denominator , each powered by the given
exponent.
n
 x x n

   n
 y y
3
 2
3
2
Example:    3
7 7
The Laws of Exponents:
#7: Negative Law of Exponents: If the base is powered by the
negative exponent, then the base becomes reciprocal with the
positive exponent.

m 1
x  m
x
3 1 1
Example #1: 2  3 
2 8

1 53
Example #2: 3   5  125
3

5 1
The Laws of Exponents:
#8: Zero Law of Exponents: Any base powered by zero exponent
equals one

x 1 0

Example: 112 0  1
0
5
  1
7
 flower  1
0