TES SENSITIVITAS

By Widjijati, MN
Symptom
Alergi
• In 25-50% of cases the predominant symptoms
develop 1-10 hours after exposure (late phase
reactions)
• Symptoms are usually gastrointestinal
(abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, diarrhoea)
or cutaneous (itching, urticaria, angio-oedema)-
symptoms are less commonly respiratory
(asthma) and are rarely related to rhinitis.

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• Itching of the throat and ears is a
common manifestation of pollen allergy,
and patients allergic to house dust mite
experience exacerbations when
bedmaking, vacuum cleaning, and
sleeping in damp accommodation.

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Factors influencing
development of allergic
diseases
• Age
• Clinical history

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Environmental factors predisposing to
development and triggering of allergy
Indoor
• Damp and poorly ventilated dwelling
• Old mattresses (not vacuumed or covered)
• Unwashed and uncovered pillows
• Pets
• Cigarette smoke
• Gas fired cooking stoves, boilers, and fires (not
adequately ventilated to the outside)

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Outdoor

• Density of grains of grass or tree pollen in

local environment
• Presence of new aeroallergens-eg
Parietaria judaiica (the wall pellitory) in
southern England
• Proximity to major roadways or power
stations

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Occupational
• Isocyanate
• Flour
• Laboratory animals
• Resin
• Wood dust
• Glutaraldehyde
• Biological enzymes
• Latex

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Allergy tests in vivo

Skin tests
• Skin prick test
• Intracutaneous test
• Patch test
• Bronchial, nasal, and conjunctival
provocation tests
• Food challenge
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Allergy tests in vitro

• Nasal smears
• Food challenge
• Serum allergen specific IgE concentrations

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Alternative tests

• the antigen leucocyte cellular antibody

test,
• hair analysis,
• bioresonance diagnostics,
• autohomologous immune therapy,
• electroacupuncture, and
• vega testing.
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ANTIHISTAMIN

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Key points
• Allergies are very common
• Allergies are on the increase
• Allergies are disabling and potentially life threatening
• Nurses will encounter patients who have allergies
• Nurses have a key role in minimising the impact of
allergies on patients
• There are a range of different strategies that can be
used to manage allergy
• Early recognition of anaphylaxis can save lives

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Figure 1. House dust mite, the major cause of perennial allergy in Britain

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Table 1. Advising patients on basis of history and skin prick tests

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Table 2. Summary of approach for treating common allergic disorders

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Figure 2. Medic Alert bracelet: important for patients at risk of anaphylaxis

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Figure 3. How to use a nasal spray

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