Radio Network Feature

Presentation

IDLE MODE BEHAVIOR

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 1

 Introduction

• Overview of Control Channels in GSM

• Public Land Mobile Network “PLMN” Selection

• Cell Selection & Reselection

• Location Updating (Registration)

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 2

 Logical Channel Structure...

TCH CCH CBCH

Data or
Speech TCH/F TCH/H

BCH CCCH DCCH

FCCH SCH BCCH PCH AGCH RACH ACCH SDCCH

SACCH FACCH
Mobile transmits
Base station transmits Logical Channel - The packaged
Both transmit freight on the physical channel

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 3

 Definitions

BCCH - Broadcast control channel (Always TS0 on the

BCCH frequency)
PLMN - Public Land Mobile Network
LU - Location Updating (Periodic Registration)
BSIC - Base Station Identity Code
Comprises the NCC (Network Color Code 0 – 7)
& the BCC (Base Station Color Code 0 – 7)
Cell Selection – Camping onto the strongest valid and available
BCCH frequency by the MS
Cell Reselection – Continuously monitoring the neighboring cells
Paging - A process whereby a network attempts to contact a
particular MS

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 4

 Definitions (cont’d)

Registration - Process in which an MS gets attached to the

network
Limited Service State - An MS camps onto any cell irrespective of
PLMN ID for emergency calls

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 5

 Idle Mode Process Overview

Indication
• Auto/man to user
• (User) LU response

PLMN selection PLMNs

available
PLMN
selected Cell selection LU response
and reselection
Service indication
Cell &
LA changes
Location updating
Periodic
registration

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 6

 PLMN Selection Process

• Power on – it will select the registered PLMN in the mobile

• Requested by user
• Recovery from lack of coverage
• If national roaming, periodic attempts are made to return
to home PLMN

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 7

 PLMN Selection - Automatic/Manual Mode

• Automatic mode
– If no registered PLMN exists or is available
– PLMN preference order:
1. Home PLMN
2. According to PLMN list stored on SIM
3. PLMNs with SS> -85 dBm (random order)
4. Other PLMNs in order of decreasing SS

• Manual mode:
– Selection at user’s discretion, from the available PLMNs

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 8

 Strategies for Cell Selection: Cell selection process 1 (5)

Normal or Stored List

Sample the signal
strength on...

299 RF carriers Check for BCCH carriers

of the selected PCN in
order of decreasing SS
Suitable
cell?

No
Use the rejected Yes
cell’s BA-list and...
Camp on it
Select another PCN and register
> 40 attempts

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 9

 Cell selection
Normal Cell Scan all 299 RF channels and
measure RxLev for 3-5 seconds
process 2 (5)

Selection Tune to the channel with the

highest received average RxLev

Tune to the next strongest Determine if it is a BCCH carrier by

RF channel searching for frequency correction bursts

No
BCCH Carrier?
Yes
MS attempts to synchronize to
this carrier and read BCCH info

No Wanted
PLMN?
Yes
Yes Cell barred
for access?
No
No Yes
Is C1>0? Camp on this cell

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 10

 Cell selection process 3 (5)
Suitable Cell Criteria

1 The cell belongs to the selected PLMN

2 The cell is not barred
3 If national roaming
Check the list of forbidden location areas for
national roaming
4 Cell selection criterion, C1 > 0, is fulfilled
5 Low priority cell only if no Normal priority cell is
available (phase 2)

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 11

 Cell selection process 5 (5)
C1 Criterion – cell selection
criterion
C1>0

C1=(received_signal_level - ACCMIN)-max(CCHPWR-P, 0)

Good enough downlink To ensure good

enough uplink
ACCMIN - minimum received signal in MS to allow access
CCHPWR - maximum MS power at access
P - maximum power output of MS according to its class

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 12

 Cell reselection process 1 (4)

Cell Reselection Criteria

• The serving cell becomes barred

• Repeated unsuccessful access attempts (MAXRET)
• Downlink signaling failure
• C1<0 for serving cell more than 5 seconds
• C2 neighbor > C2 serving (+CRH) more than 5 seconds

CRH = Cell Reselect Hysteresis

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 13

 Cell reselection process 2 (4)

C2 Criterion – cell reselection criterion

C2 = C1 + CRO - TO * H(PT-T) PT 31

C2 = C1 - CRO PT =31

CRO - Cell reselection offset (dB)

TO - Temporary negative offset (dB)
PT - Timer for a temporary offset (s)
T - Timer (s)

C2 is only supported by phase 2 mobiles

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 14

 Cell reselection process 3 (4)

Decoding of BSIC and BCCH

Cell BSIC BCCH Data

Serving At least every 30 seconds

At least every
6 N-cells At least every 5 minutes
30 seconds

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 15

 Cell reselection process 4 (4)

Cell Reselect Hysteresis

CRH=4 dB
Nominal LA border

Actual LA border
Camp on
this cell

C2=5 dBm
C2=7 dBm

Current LA Different LA

C2=4 dBm
LA = Location Area
Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 16
 Limited Service State

• PLMN not allowed

• No SIM card inserted
• Illegal MS
• IMSI unknown in HLR
Limited service state
• Emergency calls only
• Cell reselection as normal,
but CRH is ignored
• No updating

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 17

 Location Updating

• Normal
– At change of location area

• Periodic
– According to T3212 (6 minutes to 25.5 hours)
(T3212 is sent to MS in system information message)
– Note: period for “implicit detach” BTDM, and the guard time GTDM.

• IMSI attach/detach
– Enabled by ATT parameter

T3212 - Defines the timeout value that controls the LU procedure

ATT - Informs the mobile if it is allowed to apply IMSI attach & detach
Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 18
 Parameter Ranges and Default Values
Neighbor Cells Description
Parameter Default Recommended Value Unit
Name Value Value Range
MBCCHNO
GSM 900 - - 1 to 124 ARFCN
GSM 800 - - 128 to 251 ARFCN
GSM 1800 - - 512 to 885 ARFCN
GSM 1900 - - 512 to 810 ARFCN
PLMN Permitted
Parameter Default Recommended Value Unit
Name Value Value Range
NCCPERM - 5 0 to 7 -

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 19

 Parameter Ranges and Default Values

Cell Selection Parameters

Parameter Default Recommended Value Unit
Name Value Value Range
ACCMIN -110 -106 -47 to -110 dBm
CCHPWR - 33 4 to 30 in steps of 2 dBm
CRH 4 4 0 to 14 in steps of 2 dB
CBQ HIGH HIGH HIGH, LOW -
CRO 0 0 0 to 63 2 dB
TO 0 0 0 to 7 (7=infinite) 10 dB
PT 0 0 0 to 31

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 20

 Parameter Ranges and Default Values

Control Channel Description

Parameter Default Recommended Value Unit
Name Value Value Range
BCCHTYPE NCOMB - COMB, COMBC, -
NCOMB

SDCCH 1 - 0 to 16 -

CCCH
MFRMS 6 6 2 to 9
multiframes

T3212 4 40 0 to 255 deci-hours

(0=infinite)

ATT YES YES YES, NO -

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 21

 Counters To Be Monitor
Location Update Counters
NLOCNRGTOT Number of location updating attempts from non-registered subscribers (IMSI
attach, normal location updating or periodic location updating)

Number of failed location updating attempts due to unknown IMSI number

NLOCIMSERR
series

NLOCOLDTOT Number of location updating attempts for already registered subscribers

NLOCPERTOT Number of location updating attempts for already registered subscribers

Number of IMSI attach messages received (from already registered

NLOCATTTOT
subscribers)

NLOCDETTOT Number of IMSI detach messages received

NLOCNRGSUCC Number of successful location updatings for non registered subscribers

NLOCIDTTOT Number of implicit detach events in MSC/VLR

NLOCNRRTOT Number of national roaming implicit detach events in MSC/VLR

NLOCOLDSUCC
Number of successful location updatings for already registered subscribers

Number of successful location updating indications sent to mobile

NLOCCONGSUCC subscribers, resulting from failure of operations 'update location' to HLR
due to network congestion.

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 22

 Counters To Be Monitor
Location Update Counters

NLAPAG1LOTOT Number of first page attempts to an LA.

NLAPAG2LOTOT Number of repeated page attempts to an LA.

NLAPAG1RESUCC Number of page responses to first page to an LA.

NLAPAG2RESUCC Number of page responses to repeated page to an LA.

NLALOCTOT Total number of LU attempts in the LA.

NLALOCSUCC Number of successful LUs in the LA.

Commercial in Confidence Idle Mode Behavior Slide 23