Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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Learning Objectives
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Learning Outcomes
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Introduction
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What is oil and fats?
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Composition in edible oil
– Glycerides
– Fatty acid Most important characteristic
– Phospolipids
– Tocopherols and Tocotrienols
– Sterol & Sterol Ester
– Caratenoids
– Minor Constituent-pesticides, trace metals
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Glycerides
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Glycerides…
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Glycerides...
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Glycerides...
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Fatty Acid
– Fatty acid that form the triglycerides of naturally
occurring oil & fats with predominant even
numbered, straight chain, aliphatic monocarboxylic
acid with chain length ranging from C4 to C24
– Can be distinguished by:
– Chain length
– Number & position of double bonds
– Position of the fatty acids within the glyceride
molecule.
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Fatty Acid…
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Fatty Acid…
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Fatty Acid...
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Fatty Acid…
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Fatty Acid…
– Chemical structure
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Phospolipids
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Tocopherols & Tocotrienols
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Tocopherols & Tocotrienols...
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Tocopherols & Tocotrienols...
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Tocopherols & Tocotrienols...
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Tocopherols & Tocotrienols…
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Tocopherols & Tocotrienols….
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Sterols and Sterols Ester
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Carotenoids
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Vegetables Oils and Fats
– Classification
– Fruit Pulp / Mash fats
– such as Palm Oil , Olive and avocado, coconut
– Seed Kernel fats
– major source of oil and fats
– such as palm kernel oil,, corn oil, sunflower oil
and etc
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Vegetables Oils and Fats...
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Vegetables Oils and Fats…
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Vegetables Oils and Fats...
– Olive Oil :Obtained from olive fruit:
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Vegetables Oils and Fats…
– Olive Oil characteristics:
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Vegetables Oils and Fats…
– Avocado Oil
– From Persea Gratissima L tree.:
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Seed Kernel Fats: Lauric Acid
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Seed Kernel Fats: Lauric Acid
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Seed Kernel Fats: Lauric Acid
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Seed Kernel Fats: Lauric Acid
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Seed Kernel Fats: Palmitic Stearic Acid
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Seed Kernel Fats: Palmitic Stearic Acid
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Seed Kernel Fats: Palmitic Stearic Acid
– Cottonseed Oil
– Kapok & related oil
– Pumpkin seed oil
– Corn (maize) oil
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Seed Kernel Fats: Palmitic Stearic Acid
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Seed Kernel Fats: Oleic-Linoleic Acid Oil
– Sunflower
– Sesame oil
– Linseed Oil
– Perilla Oil
– Hempseed oil
– Teased oil
– Safflower and Niger Seed
– Grape Seed Oil
– Poppy Seed Oil
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Seed Kernel Fats: Oleic-Linoleic Acid Oil
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Seed Kernel Fats: Oleic-Linoleic Acid Oil
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Seed Kernel Fats: Leguminous Oil
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Seed Kernel Fats: Cruciferous Oil
– Rapeseed oil
– Mustard seed oil
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Seed Kernel Fats: Conjugated Acid Oil
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Seed Kernel Fats : Substituted fatty acid oil
– Castor oil
– Chaulmoogra, Hydnocarpus and gorli oil
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Land Animal Fats
– Lard
– Beef Tallow
– Mutton Tallow
– Horse, Goose & Chicken fats
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Land Animals Fat
– Lard-Hog (pig)
– Composition and physical have wide variation
refer to the climate which it was raised, animal
diet
– Low in PUFA & have good an oxidative stability
– Lack of natural antioxidants such as (butylated
hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoulene
(BHT) , tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)
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Land Animals Fat
– Lard-Hog (pig)...
– Ordinary lard characterized by translucence and a
poor plastic range
Saponification value 193-203
Iodine value 45.0-70.0
Nonsaponifiable matter < 0.1
Melting point 31.5-33.0 °C
Refractive Index at 40 °C 1.448-1.460
Fatty Acid C14,C16,C18
C18:1,C18:2 55
Land Animals Fat
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Land Animals Fat
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Land Animals Fat
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Land Animals Fat
Saponification 190-202
• Tallow (cattle and value
sheep)… Iodine value 40.0-49.0
– Contain: red & Nonsaponifiable < 0.8
yellow pigment matter
– High level of Melting point 45.0-48.0 °C
saturated fatty Refractive Index 1.448-1.460
acid, Consistent at 40 °C
at rt. Fatty Acid C16,C18,
C16:1,
C18:1,C18:2
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Marine Animal Fats
– Whale oil
– Fish Oil
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