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Where:
Q = flow rate in gpm
K = factor for sprinkler (Refer to appendix B)
P = pressure in psi
Appendix (B)
C) Equivalent pipe lengths of valves and fittings
To determine the equivalent length of pipe for fittings and devices
unless manufacture's test data indicate that other factors are
appropriate (Refer to appendix C)
Appendix (C)
from (Area/density) Chart we can get the flow density
This is to say that the furthest sprinkler head from the supply must deliver 17.425
gpm
Selecting a sprinkler outlet of 0.5 inch that has k factor = 5.6
20 19 17 18
16
At Point 1:
Q1 = 𝑄𝑚𝑖𝑛. = 17.425 gpm
𝑄1 = K 𝑃1
17.425 = 5.6 * 𝑃1
15 14 11 12 13 P1 = 9.6821 psi
From Hazen-Williams Equation:
∆𝑃 4.52 ∗ 𝑄1.85
= 1.85
𝐿𝑡 𝐶 ∗ 𝑑 4.87
C = 120, d = 1', L = 13.13 ft
10 9 6 7 8
& Q = 17.425 gpm
∴ ∆𝑃1-2 = 1.6714 psi
∆𝑃 = 1.6714
1 2 3 4 5
Q1 =17.425 gpm
P1 = 9.6821 psi
20 19 17 18
16
At Point 2:
∴∆𝑃1-2 = 1.6714 psi
∆𝑃1-2 = P2 – P1
1.6714 = P2 – 9.6821
15 14 11 12 13 P2 = 11.3535 psi
𝑄2 = K P2 = 5.6 * 11.3535 = 18.8692 gpm
From Hazen-Williams Equation:
∆𝑃 4.52 ∗ 𝑄1.85
= 1.85
10 9 6 7 8 𝐿𝑡 𝐶 ∗ 𝑑 4.87
Q3 = Q1 + Q2 = 17.425 + 18.8692 = 36.2942 gpm
Fittings = 1 T1'' (of 1'' pipe)
Leq = 5 ft
∆𝑃 = 1.6714 ∆𝑃 = 6.5149
LT2−3 = LPipe + Leq = 6.565 + 5
1 2 3 4 5 = 11.565 ft
C = 120, d= 1'
∴ ∆𝑃2-3 = 6.5149 psi
Q1 =17.425 gpm 𝑄2 = 18.8692 gpm
P1 = 9.6821 psi P2 = 11.3535 psi
20 19 17 18
16
At Point 3:
Q3 = 36.2942 gpm
∆𝑃2-3 = P3 - P2
6.5149 = P3 – 11.3535
15 14 11 12 13 P3 = 17.0749 psi
Similar for branch (3-5):
Q4 = 18.8692 gpm
P4 = 11.3535 psi
Q5 = 17.425 gpm
10 9 6 7 8 P5 = 9.3821 psi
∆𝑃3-6 = P6 – P3
5.2311 = P6 – 17.0749
∆𝑃 = 1.6714 ∆𝑃 = 6.5149 ∆𝑃 = 6.5149
P6 = 22.306 psi
∆𝑃 = 1.6714
1 2 3 4 5
15 14 11 12 13
10 9 6 7 8
∆𝑃 =5.2311
Q =72.5884
Then,
Q8 = 20.01 gpm
P8 = 12.7679 psi
15 14 11 12 13 ∆𝑃7-8 = 2.1589 psi
P7 = 14.9267 psi
Q7 = 21.6357 gpm
∆𝑃6-7 = 7.3791 psi
∆𝑃=2.1589 ∆𝑃=7.3791 ∆𝑃= 7.3791 ∆𝑃=2.1589 Similar for branch (6-10)
10 9 6 7 8 Q9 = 21.6357 gpm
P9 = 14.9267 psi
∆𝑃 =5.2311
Q =72.5884
∆𝑃 =5.8006
Q =155.88
Leq = 10 ft
LT6−11 = LPipe + Leq = 13.13 + 10 =
∆𝑃=2.1589 ∆𝑃=7.3791 ∆𝑃= 7.3791 ∆𝑃=2.1589
23.13 ft
10 9 6 7 8
Q6-11 = 2 * Q6-7 + Q3-6 = (2 * 41.6457) + 72.5884 =
∆𝑃 =5.2311
Q =72.5884
155.8797 gpm
Q10 = 20.01 gpm Q9 = 21.6357 gpm Q7 = 21.6357 gpm Q8 = 20.01 gpm
∴ ∆𝑃6-11 = 5.8006 psi
P10 = 12.7679 psi P9 = 14.9267 psi P7 = 14.9267 psi P8 = 12.7679 psi ∆𝑃11-6 = P11 – P6
∆𝑃 = 1.6714 ∆𝑃 = 6.5149 ∆𝑃 = 6.5149 ∆𝑃 = 1.6714
5.8006 = P11 – 22.3058
1 2 3 4 5
P11 = 28.1064 psi
∆𝑃 =5.8006
Q =155.88
Apply Hazen-Williams Equation for Pipe (11-12)
∆P 4.52 ∗ Q1.85
= … (4)
∆𝑃=2.1589 ∆𝑃=7.3791 ∆𝑃= 7.3791 ∆𝑃=2.1589
Lt C1.85 ∗d4.87
10 9 6 7 8 P11 = P12 + ∆𝑃11-12 … for check
Now we have 4 equations for 4 unknows (Q13,
∆𝑃 =5.2311
Q =72.5884
∆𝑃 =5.8006
Q =155.88
26.2000 21.8890 3.5545 25.4435 28.2473 1.6819 27.1254
P12 = 26.3676 psi 26.4000 22.2245 3.6048 25.8293 28.4606 1.7056 27.5349
Q12 = 28.7557 gpm
∆𝑃=2.1589 ∆𝑃=7.3791 ∆𝑃= 7.3791 ∆𝑃=2.1589 26.6000 22.5625 3.6555 26.2180 28.6740 1.7294 27.9474
10 9 6 7 8 26.6700 22.6814 3.6733 26.3547 28.7486 1.7378 28.0925
∆𝑃 =5.2311
Q =72.5884
Then,
Q13 = 26.6766 gpm
∆P = 3.675 ∆P =1.7386 ∆P =1.7386 ∆P = 3.675
14 11 12 13 P13 = 22.626 psi
15
∆P12-13 = 3.675 psi
∆𝑃 =5.8006
Q =155.88
P12 = 26.3676 psi
Q13 = 26.6766 gpm P12 = 26.3676 psi P12 = 26.3676 psi Q13 = 26.6766 gpm Q12 = 28.7557 gpm
P13 = 22.626 psi Q12 = 28.7557 gpm Q12 = 28.7557 gpm P13 = 22.626 psi
∆𝑃=2.1589 ∆𝑃=7.3791 ∆𝑃= 7.3791 ∆𝑃=2.1589
∆P11-12 = 1.7386 psi
10 9 6 7 8 Similar for branch (11-15):
Q15 = 26.6766 gpm
∆𝑃 =5.2311
Q =72.5884
∆𝑃 = 5.7432
Q= 266.7443
From Hazen-Williams Equation:
∆𝑃 4.52 ∗ 𝑄1.85
= 1.85
∆P = 3.675 ∆P =1.7386 ∆P =1.7386 ∆P = 3.675 𝐿𝑡 𝐶 ∗ 𝑑 4.87
15 14 11 12 13
C = 120, d = 2.5'
Fittings = 1 T2.5'' (of 2.5'' pipe)
∆𝑃 =5.8006
Q =155.88
P12 = 26.3676 psi Q13 = 26.6766 gpm
Leq = 12 ft
Q13 = 26.6766 gpm P12 = 26.3676 psi
P13 = 22.626 psi Q12 = 28.7557 gpm Q12 = 28.7557 gpm P13 = 22.626 psi LT11−16 = LPipe + Leq = 13.13 + 12 = 25.13 ft
∆𝑃=2.1589 ∆𝑃=7.3791 ∆𝑃= 7.3791 ∆𝑃=2.1589
Q11-16 = 2 * Q11-12 + Q6-11 = (2 * 55.4323) + 155.8797
10 9 6 7 8
= 266.7443 gpm
∆𝑃 =5.2311
Q =72.5884
∆𝑃 = 5.7432
Q= 266.7443
𝑄18 = K P18 … (1)
Apply Hazen-Williams Equation for Pipe (17-18):
∆P = 3.675 ∆P =1.7386 ∆P =1.7386 ∆P = 3.675 ∆P 4.52 ∗ Q1.85
11 12 13 = … (2)
15 14 Lt C1.85 ∗d4.87
𝑄17 = K P17 … (3)
∆𝑃 =5.8006
Q =155.88
Apply Hazen-Williams Equation for Pipe (16-17)
Q13 = 26.6766 gpm P12 = 26.3676 psi Q12 = 28.7557 gpm Q13 = 26.6766 gpm ∆P 4.52 ∗ Q1.85
P13 = 22.626 psi Q12 = 28.7557 gpm P12 = 26.3676 psi P13 = 22.626 psi = … (4)
∆𝑃=2.1589 ∆𝑃=7.3791 ∆𝑃= 7.3791 ∆𝑃=2.1589
Lt C1.85 ∗d4.87
10 9 6 7 8 P16 = P17 + ∆𝑃16-17 … for check
∆𝑃 =5.2311
Q =72.5884
∆𝑃 = 5.7432
Q= 266.7443
First pipe (17-18) Second pipe (16-17)
d (in) C L (ft) d (in) C L (ft)
check
1 120 13.13 1.5 120 11.565
∆P = 3.675 ∆P =1.7386 ∆P =1.7386 ∆P = 3.675 Q (gpm) P (psi) dP (psi) P (psi) Q (gpm) dP (psi) p (psi)
15 14 11 12 13
29.0000 26.8176 4.2890 31.1066 31.2330 2.0273 33.1339
∆𝑃 =5.8006
Q =155.88
29.1000 27.0029 4.3164 31.3193 31.3396 2.0402 33.3595
P12 = 26.3676 psi Q13 = 26.6766 gpm
29.2000 27.1888 4.3439 31.5326 31.4462 2.0532 33.5858
Q13 = 26.6766 gpm Q12 = 28.7557 gpm
P13 = 22.626 psi Q12 = 28.7557 gpm P12 = 26.3676 psi P13 = 22.626 psi 29.3000 27.3753 4.3714 31.7467 31.5528 2.0661 33.8129
∆𝑃=2.1589 ∆𝑃=7.3791 ∆𝑃= 7.3791 ∆𝑃=2.1589
29.3100 27.3940 4.3742 31.7682 31.5634 2.0674 33.8356
10 9 6 7 8
29.3120 27.3977 4.3747 31.7725 31.5656 2.0677 33.8401
∆𝑃 =5.2311
Q =72.5884
∆𝑃 = 5.7432
Q= 266.7443
Then,
Q18 = 29.316 gpm
Q17 = 31.5698 gpm Q18 = 29.316 gpm Q17 = 31.5698 gpm
P18 = 27.4052 psi
Q18 = 29.316 gpm
P17 = 31.7811 psi P18 = 27.4052 psi P17 = 31.7811 psi
P18 = 27.4052 psi
∆P = 3.675 ∆P =1.7386 ∆P =1.7386 ∆P = 3.675
15 14 11 12 13 ∆P17-18 = 4.3758 psi
P17 = 31.7811 psi
∆𝑃 =5.8006
Q =155.88
Q17 = 31.5698 gpm
Q13 = 26.6766 gpm P12 = 26.3676 psi Q12 = 28.7557 gpm Q13 = 26.6766 gpm ∆P16-17 = 2.0682 psi
P13 = 22.626 psi Q12 = 28.7557 gpm P12 = 26.3676 psi P13 = 22.626 psi
∆𝑃=2.1589 ∆𝑃=7.3791 ∆𝑃= 7.3791 ∆𝑃=2.1589
Similar for branch (16-20)
10 9 6 7 8 Q19 = 31.5698 gpm
P19 = 31.7811 psi
∆𝑃 =5.2311
Q =72.5884
22
FHC 1
21
ZCV
For Pipe (21-22):
Q21-22 = Sprinkler flow + the flow required for one hose
Q21-22 = 388.516 + 250 = 638.516 gpm
Fittings = 4 90°Elbow2.5'' (of 2.5'' pipe)
Leq = 4*6 = 24 ft
23 LT21−22 = LPipe + Leq = 131.25 + 24 = 155.25 ft
From Hazen-Williams Equation:
∆𝑃 4.52 ∗ 𝑄1.85
FHC 2
22 = 1.85
𝐿𝑡 𝐶 ∗ 𝑑 4.87
C = 120, d = 2.5'
FHC 1
22 = 1.85
𝐿𝑡 𝐶 ∗ 𝑑 4.87
C = 120, d = 2.5'
FHC 1
ZCV
Pump Pressure:
Qt = Sprinkler flow + Non-sprinkler flow
Qt = 415.9548 + 500 = 915.9548 gpm
From Hazen-Williams Equation:
∆𝑃 4.52 ∗ 𝑄1.85
23 = 1.85
𝐿𝑡 𝐶 ∗ 𝑑 4.87
C = 120, d = 6'
FHC 2
ZCV
From Hazen-Williams Equation:
∆𝑃 4.52 ∗ 𝑄1.85
= 1.85
𝐿𝑡 𝐶 ∗ 𝑑 4.87
C = 120, d = 6'
Fittings = 2 90°Elbow6'' (of 6'' pipe)
23
Leq = 2 * 14 = 28 ft
Lpipe = 150 ft
FHC 2
24
According to NFFPA the nearest pump Rating to our estimated flow rate
is 1000 gpm.
PUMP SELECTION
According to Egyptian fire protection code there must be three
considerations in pump selection:
1. Provide the designed Rated head & Rated flow rate.
2. Provide flow rate up to 150% of the rated flow rate and at this flow rate at
head is not less than 65% of the rated head.
3. The shut off pressure (churn pressure) doesn’t exceed 140% of the designed
head.