Clouds

Clouds in Humid Regions

• Overcast daytime skies during the rainy

season.
 Clouds in Dry Land like Desert

•The sky will be clear without clouds

We can see that the number of clouds depen
ds on the air temperature
• Summer (hot temperature)
• Night (cold temperature)
• Winter (cold temperature)
 Landforms
• Each land can absorb and release infrared
radiation differently according to landforms.
 Light colored areas

• Better at reflecting than absorbing infrared radiation. (r

ed-soil areas)
 Dark-colored areas

• Better at absorbing than reflecting infrared

radiation
 Water Surfaces

• Slowly absorb but keep heat energy longer

than the land (ocean, sea and lake)
 Thick Forest

• Reduce or obstruct sunlight from permeating the s

oil. The soil receives less heat resulting in cold air
 Big Cities

• Receive a large quantity of heat energy affecting

the air temperature to be very high specially dur
ing the day.
 Air Humidity
Humidity- when vapor from evaporation and transpiration
will diffuse into the air.
Evaporation- when the liquid turns to gas or vapor because of
heat
Transpiration- the plants reduce heat through releasing water
from eaves in the form of vapor.
• Low humidity- has a high temperature and the amount of
vapor is high.

• High humidity- has a low temperature and the amount of

vapor is low.
 Air Density
• Is defined as mass of the air per unit volume of t
he air.
Characteristics of Air Density
1. At sea level air density is greatest at 1.2 kg per
cubic meter.
2. The amount of air close to the Earth’s surface is
greater than that at a higher level.
3. In areas of different temperatures, the density of
the air is different.
4. Cold areas is more dense than in hot areas.
 Atmospheric Pressure
• The force of the atmosphere above a unit area at a
certain height from the Earth’s surface.
• Properties of air pressure:
1. Different places- different air pressure
2. Low altitude-low pressure (diving underwater)
3. Same height- same pressure
4. Pressure depends on temperature (cold-high pressure,
hot- low pressure)
5. Pressure depends on humidity (wet humidity- low
pressure, and dry humid- high pressure)
Tools for Measuring Air Pressure
• Mercury Barometer
A mercury barometer
balances the weight of
mercury in a glass tube a
gainst the atmospheric p
ressure above a reservoir
of mercury at its base to
provide a measurement
of atmospheric pressure.
Barograph
Is an instrument used to
make a continuous
recording of atmospheric
pressure. ... The pen trace
s a record of pressure ver
sus time on a chart, which
is mounted on a drum rot
ated by a clockwork.
 Altimeter
• Altitude can be determined based on the
measurement of atmospheric pressure. The gr
eater the altitude, the lower the pressure.