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LEARNING GOALS
Three Phase Circuits
Advantages of polyphase circuits
Source/Load Connections
Delta-Y connections
Power Relationships
Study power delivered by three phase circuits
V an
3 phase
v o lta g e V bn
V cn
0 120 240
V0 W y e C o n n e c te d
_
n S ource
_ _
V -2 4 0 V -1 2 0
+ +
b b
c
c
Delta Source
a a
_ + D e lta
S o urce
Vab = | Vab | 0
+ _
Vbc = Vab -120
c b b
Vca = Vab -240
_ +
c
Wye – Wye System
a A
Z l
ZL
n
N
ZL ZL
b
c B C
Z l
Z l
Delta – Delta System
a A
Z l
_ +
Z
ZL
L
+ _
b
c _ + B C
Z ZL
l
Z l
Delta – Wye System
a A
Z l
_ + ZL
+ _
ZL ZL
b
c _ + B C
Z l
Z l
a a
A
IaA IAB IC
+ A
V0
_
Z Z
n
_ _
V -2 4 0 V -1 2 0 IB C
+ +
b b B C
c Z
c
V cn
- V bn
V ab
o
30
V an
V bn V ab = V an - V bn
V ab = 3 V an 30o
Vab Van Vbn
| V p | 0 | V p | 120
| V p | 1 (cos120 j sin 120)
1 3
| V | p | V p | j
2 2
3 | V p | 30
Vbc 3 | V p | 90
Vca 3 | V p | 210
VL 3 | V p | Line Voltage
IC A IaA = 3 I A B -3 0 o
IAB
IaA
IB C - IC A
INSTANTANEOUS POWER
Theorem
For a balanced three phase circuit the instantaneous power is constant
Vm I m
p( t ) 3 cos (W )
2
REVIEW OF
Y
Transformations
R1R2
Ra
R1 R2 R3
R2 R3
Rb
R1 R2 R3 Ra Rb Rb Rc Rc Ra
R1
R3 R1 Rb
Rc
R1 R2 R3 Ra Rb Rb Rc Rc Ra
R2
Y Rc
Ra Rb Rb Rc Rc Ra
R3
Ra
Y
REVIEW OF Rab R2 || ( R1 R3 ) Y
Y
Rab Ra Rb
Transformations Y
R1R2 Ra R1 Rb R1 Rb R2 Rb R1
R R
R2 ( R1 R3 ) Ra R R R Rb R3
3 2
Ra Rc R1 Rc
Ra Rb 1 2 3
R1 R2 R3 R2 R3 REPLACE IN THE THIRD AND SOLVE FOR R1
Rb
R3 ( R1 R2 ) R1 R2 R3 Ra Rb Rb Rc Rc Ra
Rb Rc R1
R R Rb
R1 R2 R3 Rc 3 1
R1 R2 R3 R R Rb Rc Rc Ra
R2 a b
R (R R ) Y Rc
Rc Ra 1 2 3
Ra Rb Rb Rc Rc Ra
R1 R2 R3 R3
Ra
SUBTRACT THE FIRST TWO THEN ADD Y
TO THE THIRD TO GET Ra
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
Similar to single phase case.
Use capacitors to increase the
power factor
Q Qnew Qold
Reactive Power to be added
To use capacitors this value
should be negative
lagging Q 0
f 60 Hz , | Vline | 34.5kV rms. Required : pf 0.94 leading
LEARNING EXAMPLE
Pold 18.72 MW
Qnew 6.8 MVA
S P jQ pf new 0.94 leading
P | S | cos f Q 6.8 15.02 21.82 MVA
Q P tan f Qper capacitor 7.273MVA
Q | S | sin f
pf 34.5
pf cos f tan f Y connection Vcapacitor kV rms
1 pf 2 3
lagging Qold 0 34.5 103
2
7.273 10 2 60 C
6
pf cos f sin f 1 pf 2 0.626 3
| Qold | 15.02 MVA C 48.6 F
Pold 18.72 MW
LEARNING BY DESIGN
Pold
Qnew P tan f ( new ) 758.28kVA
pf new
Q Qnew Qold 876.72kVA
|Q per capacitor
| CV 2
C
876.72 10 / 3
3
12.2 F
2 60 13.8 10
3 2
/3