Public Speaking

 Chapter No. 2
 (Basic tips for speech Presentation and Delivery).

 Recommended Text Book:

 Principle and Types of Public Speaking; 15th Edition

by Raymie E. McKerrow, Bruce E. Gronbeck,
Douglas Ehninger and Alan H. Monroe.

Chapter No.2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15

Final Examination Question Paper:-

Required: 8 Review Questions out of 12
 Public speaking
 Definition

 Public speaking is speaking to a group

of people in a structured, deliberate
(purposeful) manner intended (planned) to inform,

influence, or entertain the listeners.

 The art or practice of making speeches

to large audiences.
 The act or skill of speaking to a usually
large group of people.
 What is Public

 Ordinary people in general;

 The Community.
Audience - People - Community
 What is Speaking

 Speaking is the action of passing on

information or expressing your thoughts
and feelings in spoken language.
A Public Speech Can Be Like a
Conversation.

A conversation has a purpose.

You should ask: What is my purpose?
There are three common purposes
Inform people of something they did
not know
Convince them to be of your opinion
on the matter
Move them to take action
 Public Speaking
 Selecting the Subject
 Narrowing the Subject.
 HOW TO Narrow a Topic
 Determining the Purposes
 General Purpose
 Specific Purposes
 Central Idea or Claim
 Creating the Title
 Strategic Considerations
 Analyzing the Audience and Occasion
 Gathering the Speech Materials
 Outlining the Speech
 Practicing Aloud
 Public speaking
 "The purpose of public speaking can range from
simply transmitting information,
 to motivating people

 to act,

 to simply telling a story.

 A good orator should be able to change the

(speaker )

emotions of their listener, not just inform them.

 Public speaking
 History

 Public speaking is almost as ancient (very old )

as speech itself.
 The first known textbook on the subject
was written over 2500 years ago.
To Be Effective, It Is Best to Prepare Your
Speech
 Make an outline of your case.
 Choose your evidence and arguments.
 Arrange them in the right order.
 Give “road signs” to the audience so they
know what to expect.
 Create a strong opening and closing
 Public speaking
 Training
 International Training in Communication (ISC)
In which members are assigned exercises to
improve their speaking skills. Members learn
by observation and practice, and hone (polish) their skills
by listening to constructive suggestions followed by new
public speaking exercises.
 Leadership
 Effective leadership almost always requires the
skill of good public speaking, and this can often
make up for a lack of other skills.
 Importance of Public Speaking
on your Daily life

 Have you ever given thought to the

importance of public speaking?

 Do you see areas it can benefit you in the

seemingly ‘ordinary’ activities of your daily
life?
 Importance of Public Speaking
on your Daily life
 Have you ever considered how effective public
speaking could boost your career and help you
in your family, school, workplace and social
gatherings?

 I think, you might not even have thought of how

public speaking could help you during job
interview sessions.
 Importance of Public Speaking
on your Daily life
 The Benefits of Public Speaking
 The importance of public speaking to you as
an individual and to the society at large is
numerous.
 However, I have come up with the very
important ones. Here they are…
 It Boosts Confidence and Helps Overcome Fear
 It Improves Communication Skills
 It Improves Interpersonal Skills and Relationships
The Benefits of Public Speaking
 It Leads to Better Image and Perception

 It Fosters Feelings of Self - Worthiness

(value) and Self – Esteem (respect)

 It Serves As A Career Booster

 It Makes You More Knowledgeable

 It is a Way of Giving Back to the Society

 It Helps Improve Academic Performance

The Benefits of Public Speaking
 So my dear students
Whenever you have the opportunity to develop
your public speaking skills, please don’t throw it
away… Grab it with both hands! Read all the
‘readable’, watch all the ‘watch able’. Practice,
practice and practice!

Then someday strongly hope to have the

privilege (opportunity) to listen to you as you
confidently and masterfully make a powerful,
captivating (charming / attractive ) delivery!
 Communication
 Communication is the process of transferring
information from a sender to a receiver with the
use of a medium in which the communicated
information is understood by both sender and
receiver.

 In its simplest form communication is the use of

words to describe and convey a message or
give information to another person. We
communicate using language as a code to share
information, ideas and feelings.
 Written Communication

 Written communication is the development

and expression of ideas in writing.

 A medium for communication that entails

the written word. Letters, emails, and
manuals are forms of written
communication.
 Verbal Communication
Definition
 The sharing of Information between
Individuals by using speech. Individuals
working within a business need to
effectively use verbal communication that
employs readily understood spoken words,
as well as ensuring that the pronunciation,
stress and tone of voice with which the
words are expressed is appropriate.
 The Communication Process.
Communication as Transaction.
 What is speaking power
 The words we speak have power, they are
more powerful than many people realize.
 The words we say can put a smile on
someone's face or bring tears to another
one's eyes.
 We can encourage one another with the
words.
 Our words are more powerful than we give
them credit.
Introduction to Public Speaking

 A journey of a thousand miles begins with a

single step.

 Old Chinese Proverb

When asked to speak in front of audience
A survey some years ago
found that some people were
more afraid of public speaking
than nuclear war, death and
financial damage.
Is the fear of speaking holding you back from success?

Too many of us are not living our dreams

because we are living our fears.”
How to overcome Fear of speaking

 These steps can help:

 Know your topic,
 Get organized ,
 Practice, and then practice some more,
 Do some deep breathing.
 Focus on your material, not on your
audience.
 Don't be afraid of a moment of silence.
 Recognize your success.
 Get support.

 Nervousness or anxiety in certain situations is

normal, and public speaking is no exception.
 Publicspeaking is not a gift, it is a skill
 Some people may be better, but everyone
can do it.
 Important acting skills
 Remain calm, and appear relaxed even if you
feel nervous.
 Speak slowly, and show the appropriate
emotion and feeling relating to your topic.
 Speak to the person, ensures your voice is
loud enough.
 Vary the tone of your voice and dramatize if
necessary.
 Talking and walking about with the appropriate
hand gesture or facial expression
 Public speaking is not Public READING, know
your material
 Master your presentation.

 Do not make the text unreadable

 Tips on how to adjust and adapt
 Respond to your audience
 Watch their body language

 Humor is a brilliant way to reset their response

 Talking directly to someone or asking a

question to someone
 Do not overdue this, stay with the work
 Body language
 The use of your body should emphasize your
emotion
 Do not over emphasize, it should only be a tool
not the show
 The key tools is your hands, face and
shoulders
PUBLIC SPEAKING
 Public Speaking

 Getting Started: Basic Tips for Speech

Preparation and Delivery.

Chapter No. 2

Saif Bukhari
 Public Speaking
 Selecting the Subject
 Narrowing the Subject.
 HOW TO Narrow a Topic
 Determining the Purposes
 General Purpose
 Specific Purposes
 Central Idea or Claim
 Creating the Title
 Strategic Considerations
 Analyzing the Audience and Occasion
 Gathering the Speech Materials
 Outlining the Speech
 Practicing Aloud
 Public Speaking
 Practicing Aloud
 ETHICAL MOMENTS Ethics and Public
Speaking
 Delivering Your Speech Confidently
 Selecting the Method of Presentation
 Communicating Self Confidence
 Public Speaking
 This chapter presents an overview of speaking
as a practice:
 Planning what to say and how to say it.

 Doing so allows you to think your way

*strategically through the decisions you have to
make as you prepare for any speech.

*purposefully
 Public Speaking
 The Essential Steps in Planning, Preparing, and
Presenting a Speech,
 Selecting the subject
 Narrowing the subject
 Determining the Purposes, including central ideas
and claims
 Analyzing the audience and occasion
 Gathering the speech materials
 Outlining the speech.
 Practicing aloud (loudly).
 Public Speaking
 There is no magical formula for getting ready to
speak.
 If you pay close attention to these seven steps.
You will be ahead of the game and ready for an
audience.
 In addition to covering these steps we will review
how to decide on an appropriate method of
presentation, how to project self-confidence, and
how to evaluate, your own and others
presentations.
 Essential Steps in Planning, Preparing,
and Presenting a Speech
1- Selecting the subject
 Selecting the subject is one of the difficult for
many speakers, in classrooms and else ware, is
choosing a subject.
 Guidelines to help select a subject

i - Select a subject about which you already

know something and can find out more.
 Guidelines to help select a subject

ii- Select a subject that interests you and will

interest your audience.
You need to balance your needs and interests with
those of the audience.
A topic may interest listeners for one or more of the following
reasons.
 It concerns their health, happiness, or Security.
 It offers a solution to a recognized problem.
 It is surrounded by controversy or conflict of opinion.
 It provides information on a misunderstood or little
understood issue.
 Guidelines to help select a subject

 iii - Select a topic appropriate to the occasion.

 Often freedom to choose an appropriate
subject may be virtually (practically) unlimited, such
as an in-class speech assignment that does
not limit the choice of a subject.
 Usually, you are invited to speak because you
have specific expertise or knowledge to share
with the group.
 Essential Steps in Planning, Preparing,
and Presenting a Speech
2 - Narrowing the subject:

 A general subject will be of little value until it

is narrowed down to a manageable size.

 Narrowing a subject to a more precise speech

topic involves three primary considerations
are as follows:-
 Essential Steps in Planning,
Preparing, and Presenting a Speech.
2 - Narrowing the subject:
Three primary considerations:
1 - Narrow your subject so you can discuss it
*adequately in the time allotted for the
speech.
2- Narrow your subject to meet the specific
expectations of your audience.
3 – *Gauge your subject to the comprehension
level
of the audience.
* sufficiently, *Gauge (judge, determine, measure)
 Essential Steps in Planning, Preparing,
and Presenting a Speech,
3 - Determining the Purposes,
Including central ideas and claims
Once you know what you want to talk about, the
next task is to consider a series of why questions.
 Why do you wish to discuss this subject?
 Why might an audience want to listen to you?
 Why is this topic appropriate to this occasion?
 These questions can be answered easily by
considering the following four points in
sequence:
 Essential Steps in Planning, Preparing,
and Presenting a Speech
Questions can be answered easily by considering
the following four points in sequence
1 - Think about the general purposes that people have in
mind when they speak in public.
2 -Consider your own specific purposes for speaking.
3 - Focus on the central idea or claim that expresses the
principal message you wish to communicate.
4 -Create a title for the presentation that captures your
goals and tells the audience what your central idea or
claim will focus on.
 Essential Steps in Planning, Preparing,
and Presenting a Speech,
 3 - Determining the Purposes
 General Purpose of speech
 There are four General purposes for public
speaking:-
 To Inform - (Clear Understanding)

 To Persuade or

 To Actuate (action ) - ( Acceptance of Ideas)

 To Entertain (Enjoyment and Comprehension)

You may entertaining while persuading

 As You have learned, to inform, to persuade, to
actuate, and to entertain are the general purposes
that guide your reason for speaking, Just as
subjects are narrowed.
 Essential Steps in Planning, Preparing,
and Presenting a Speech
 3 - Determining the Purposes
 Specific Purposes

 Central Idea or Claim

 Phrasing (choice of words ) a Central Idea
 Phrasing (choice of words ) a Claim
 Integrating (join together ) general and Specific Purposes with
central Ideas and claims.
 Creating the Title
 Essential Steps in Planning, Preparing,
and Presenting a Speech
3 - Determining the Purposes
 Strategic Consideration

 The preceding discussion has focused on the general

and specific purposes in terms of the desired
response you wish to obtain from your audience.
 Taking Risks

 Listeners Authority or Capacity to Act

 Listeners Preexisting Attitudes

 Preexisting attitude are hostile (unfriendly)

 The Nature of the Speech Occasion

 Time Limits
 Essential Steps in Planning, Preparing,
and Presenting a Speech
4 - Analyzing the audience and occasion
A good speech is one that reflects your interests
while being seen as responsive to the interests,
preferences, and values of the audience to
whom it is presented.
The audience's knowledge of and attitude
toward the topic.
You also need to consider the setting and
circumstances in which you're speaking.
Essential Steps in Planning, Preparing,
and Presenting a Speech
 5 - Gathering the speech materials
 Assess what information you think is
needed in order to accomplish your
objective.
 Reflect on what you already know.

 Figure out what is relevant to your central

idea or claim
 Investigate where additional information
can be found. If necessary.
 Obtain the additional information.
 Essential Steps in Planning, Preparing,
and Presenting a Speech
6 - Outlining the speech.
 Once you have compiled your materials, you
have to sort them. Developing a preliminary
outline of your main ideas will help.
 An outline illustrates how your various materials
relate to your central idea or claim, shows you
where you have plenty of (or too little) material,
and clarifies the structure of your speech.
 Arrange your main idea in a clear and systematic
order and arrange subpoints.
 Essential Steps in Planning, Preparing,
and Presenting a Speech
7 - Practicing aloud (loudly).

 Practicing your speech.

 This is not easy you may feel like a fool talking
alone in your room; the sound of your voice.
 Rather than practice alone, enlist the aid of
friends or students from your class to serve as
listeners and critics.
Delivering Your Speech Confidently

 Selecting the Method of Presentation

 The Impromptu Speech
 The Memorized Speech
 The Read Speech
 The Extemporaneous Speech
 Communicating Self-Confidence
Effective Public Speaking
 Don’t Be Afraid
 Sometimes an
Audience May
Seem Intimidating
(frightening).

 But
Always
Remember….
 Prepare Yourself
 Prepare your speech or notes so you can
refer to your presentation easily
 Dress the way you want people to
perceive you
 Before speaking, try to find a private place
to stand before a mirror, look at yourself,
make sure all is ok, and say to yourself:
“I can do this.”
 Practice Your Speech
 Ask a small group of friends – or even one
friend – to let you practice and to give you
useful tips about how to improve
 Learn your speech so you can refer to it
without reading it
 Practice speaking very clearly
 Practice speaking – NOT reading
 Practice (continued)
 Practice your hand gestures so they are
natural to you
 Use a timer (for example, a watch) so that
you will know how long you have spoken.
(You may be surprised!)
 Listen to your friends and try to use their
comments to improve your speech
 Decide whether you will use a podium
 Making Your Speech
 Try to look in the  .
mirror and reassure
yourself first
 Be sure that you are
introduced or that you
introduce yourself
 Be sure that there is a
glass of water for you
 Making Your Speech
 Choose to use the podium or to speak
without a podium
 If you have not been introduced, introduce
yourself and thank the audience for
coming
 Make your speech
 Be sure to make some eye contact with the
audience
 Making Your Speech
 Draw on both reason and emotion
 Be reasonable and calm so that you can
appeal to the reason of those whom you wish
to persuade
 Be emotional so that you can move to action
those whom you wish to move to action
 Try not to read your speech, but to speak
with the audience as you would speak with
friends
 Concluding Your Speech
 Conclude with words that tell the audience
that you have finished:
 You may summarize: For example, “In
conclusion, I have given you three reasons
why this measure should be adopted.”
 Thank them for their attention
 Dealing With Questions or
Audience Response
 If there is time and opportunity, invite them
to a conversation
 If you receive questions, be polite and
listen and then thank the questioner for the
question, even if it is hostile
 When time for questions and responses is
finished, thank them again for their
attention
 Congratulations!
 You have made an effective speech.
 You have:
 Informed some fellow citizens
 Persuaded some fellow citizens

 Moved some fellow citizens to action

 Assignment No. 1

 Write a note on the seven

steps for planning, preparing
and presenting the speech.
 Any Question Please.

Wish You all the Best

Thanks