NEWTONIAN

MECHANICS
 “SCIENCE IS A POWERFUL
INSTRUMENT. HOW IT IS USED,
WHETHER IT IS A BLESSING OR A
CURSE TO MANKIND, DEPENDS
ON MANKIND AND NOT ON THE
INSTRUMENT. A KNIFE IS USEFUL,
BUT IT CAN ALSO KILL”
– ALBERT EINSTEIN
MOTION
• KINEMATICS – STUDY OF
MOTION WITHOUT
CONSIDERING ITS CAUSES
• DYNAMICS – STUDY
MOTION AND THE FORCES
THAT AFFECTS IT
TRANSLATION
- MOTION IN A
STRAIGHT LINE
• POSITION – LOCATION OF
AN OBJECT WITH RESPECT
TO A REFERENCE FRAME
• REFERENCE FRAME –
ANYTHING TO WHICH AN
OBJECT CAN REFERRED TO
MOTION IS RELATIVE
• DISTANCE – ACTUAL
LENGTH OF PATH TAKEN BY
AN OBJECT
• DISPLACEMENT – STRAIGHT
LINE BETWEEN INITIAL AND
FINAL POSITION
Sample No. 1
Suppose that in going to
school, you walked 40 m east
and 30 m north. (a) What was
the total distance you
walked? (b) What was your
total displacement?
Sample No. 1
When you arrived in school, you
found out that classes were
suspended because of bad weather.
You went back home following the
same path. (c) What was the total
distance you walked in going to
school and back home? (d) What
was your total displacement?
• SPEED – THE DISTANCE THAT
A BODY MOVES IN A UNIT
TIME
• VELOCITY – THE TIME RATE
OF CHANGE OF POSITION
• AVERAGE SPEED – THE
TOTAL DISTANCE IT
TRAVELED DIVIDED BY THE
TIME SPENT
• INSTANTANEOUS SPEED –
SPEED AT A PARTICULAR
INSTANT OF TIME
• AVERAGE VELOCITY – TOTAL
DISPLACEMENT DIVIDED BY
THE TOTAL TIME
• INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY
– VELOCITY AT AN INSTANT
OF TIME
• AVERAGE VELOCITY – TOTAL
DISPLACEMENT DIVIDED BY
THE TOTAL TIME
• INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY
– VELOCITY AT AN INSTANT
OF TIME
Sample No. 2
For his daily training, an
athlete runs around a 15.0 m
radius track five times in 2.50
min. What is his (a) average
speed and (b) average
velocity?
• ACCELERATION – CHANGE
IN VELOCITY WITH RESPECT
TO TIME
– CHANGE IN SPEED
– CHANGE IN DIRECTION
– CHANGE IN BOTH
EVERYDAY PHYSICS
“Motion with constant velocity is
very rare.”
 Sample No. 3
In which case is the car accelerating?
a) A car changing lanes at constant speed
b) A car speeding up in an effort to beat
the red light
c) A car slowing down while making a left
turn
d) A car going around Mabuhay Rotonda
at constant speed
• UNIFORM MOTION –
SIMPLEST TYPE OF MOTION
– VELOCITY IS CONSTANT
– ACCELERATION IS ZERO
– INSTANTANEOUS AND
AVERAGE VELOCITY IS EQUAL
Sample No. 4
A car caught in a heavy traffic
situation along Rizal Avenue
moves at constant speed
covering of 3.0 m in 5.0 s (a)
What is the speed of the car? (b)
How far will the object move in
10.0 s?
•UNIFORM ACCELERATED
MOTION – TYPE OF
MOTION IN WHICH
VELOCITY IS CHANGING
AT A CONSTANT RATE
Sample No. 5
A Nissan Sentra is stopped at a
traffic light. When the light turns
green, the driver accelerates so
that the cars speedometer reads
10m/s after 5s. What is the car’s
acceleration assuming it is
constant?
Sample No. 6
A racer accelerates from rest at a
constant rate of 2.0 m/s/s. (a)
How fast will the racer be going
at the end of 6.0 s? (b) How far
has the racer traveled during this
time?
Sample No. 7

A car has uniformly

accelerated from rest to
a speed of 25 m/s after
traveling 75m. What is
its acceleration?
•FREE FALL – IDEALIZED
MOTION WHERE AIR
RESISTANCE IS
NEGLECTED AND THE
ACCELERATION IS
CONSTANT
PILLAR OF PHYSICS
“GALILEO GALILEI and the
Leaning Tower of Pisa”
FILIPINO INVENTOR
“Allan and Antonio Aguilar”
• TIME SYMMETRY – TIME OF
REACH EQUALS TO THE TIME
OF RETURN
• SPEED SYMMETRY– SPEED
UPWARD EQUALS TO THE
SPEED DOWNWARD
Sample No. 8
A boy tosses a coin upward
with a velocity of +14.7m/s.
Find (a) the maximum height
reached by the coin, (b) time
of flight, (c) velocity when the
coin returns to the hand.
Sample No. 8
Suppose the boy failed to
catch the coin and the coin
goes to the ground. (d) With
what velocity will it strike the
ground? The boy’s hand is
0.49m above the ground.
•PROJECTILE MOTION –
THE MOTION OF THE
BODY THROWN
HORIZONTALLY OR AT AN
ANGLE OTHER THAN 90⁰
WITH THE HORIZONTAL
•TRAJECTORY – THE
PARABOLIC PATH
THAT A PROJECTILE
FOLLOWS.
• RANGE – THE HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE TRAVELED BY THE
PROJECTILE BETWEEN THE
LAUNCHING POSITION AND
LANDING POSITION.
•MAXIMUM RANGE
– IS ATTAINED AT
45 DEGREES
•PROJECTILE MOTION –
HAS TIME AND SPEED
SYMMETRIES AND HAS 2
DIFFERENT ANGLES WITH
THE SAME RANGE.
Sample No. 9
A ball is thrown horizontally from a
height of 5.50 m with an initial
speed of 25.0 m/s. (a) How long will
it take the ball to reach the ground?
© What will be the magnitude of its
velocity when it strikes the ground?
(d) at what angle will it strike the
ground?
Sample No. 10
A body is projected with an
initial velocity of 24.5 m/s at
30 degrees below the
horizontal. Find (a) time of
flight, (b) maximum height
attained by the body (c) range
•RELATIVE VELOCITY –
THE VELOCITY OF A
MOVING BODY VIEWED
AT TWO DIFFERENT
FRAMES OF REFERENCE
MAY NOT BE EQUAL
Sample No. 11
A boy is walking at +1.0m/s toward
the front of a bus moving at +5m/s.
What is the velocity of the boy as
observed by (a) passenger sitting
inside the bus and (b) another
passenger waiting for the bus at a
nearby bus stop?
CLASSIFICATION OF
ACCELERATION
• IMPACT ACCELERATION
•SUSTAINED
ACCELERATION
FACTORS THAT AFFECTS
THE EFFECT OF
ACCELERATION
•MAGNITUDE
•DURATION
THREEE KINDS OF
ACCELERATION STRESSES
• POSITIVE ACCELERATION
• NEGATIVE ACCELERATION
• TRANSVERSE ACCELERATION
ZERO GRAVITY
• WEIGHTLESSNESS
AND FREE FALL
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