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Angular Kinematics
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Angular Kinematics
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KINEMATICS
LINEAR ANGULAR
Scalars Vectors
Distance Displacement
Speed Velocity
Acceleration
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What is an angle?
• An angle is formed by the intersection
of two lines.
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Angular Displacement
Arc length
radius ar c length L
radius r
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Angular Velocity
• The rate of change of angular
displacement.
• Average angular velocity equals
angular displacement divided time.
t
• The symbol is (omega).
• Angular velocity is a vector found
using the rt. hand rule.
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Angular Distance and Angular Speed
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Link between Linear and
Angular Velocity
• The link is radius.
• All points on a golf club undergo the
same angular displacement and
therefore the same angular velocity.
• But they trace out different arc
lengths based on their radius,
therefore their linear velocities must
be different.
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Points on Golf Club
axis of rotation
The longer
VT VT r
the club, the
The instantaneous linear velocity (VT) is
faster the
equal to the instantaneous angular velocity
linear
times the radius. VT , the instantaneous
velocity of
speed, is at a tangent to the clubhead path.
the head.
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New (and convenient) Reference Frame
Fixed Reference Frame
y
axis of rotation
x
R
T R
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Angular Acceleration
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Track Example
Usain Bolt runs the curve of this 200 m in 11 s. Assume he ran on
the inside line of lane 1, which makes a semicircle (r = 36.5 m) for
the first part of the race. His speed after the curve was 11.5 m/s.
Finish
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Figure Skater Examples
1. While spinning in the air, a figure skater
completes 400 degrees of rotation. What was
the skater’s angular displacement covered in
radians? What was the skater’s angular
distance covered in radians?
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Linear Acceleration and Rotation
When an object has angular motion, it is
often easier to express linear acceleration
relative to a reference frame that moves with
the object.
So, instead of describing acceleration in the
fixed X and Y directions, we consider…
• Centripetal (radial) acceleration
– Calculated using angular velocity
• Tangential acceleration
– Calculated using angular acceleration
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Centripetal Acceleration
• The component of linear acceleration directed
towards the axis of rotation (center of the
circle).
2
v
aR T
aR r 2
r
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Centripetal Acceleration and VT
Caused by radial
Vf (VT) acceleration
aR Vi (VT) V
Vi
r Vf
Resultant
Vector
Vf = Vi + V
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Tangential Acceleration
• The component of linear acceleration
tangent to the circular path (perpendicular
to the radius).
• Associated with the speeding up of an
object moving in a circle. Increases the
length of the tangential velocity arrow.
• Equal to the angular acceleration times
the radius.
aT r
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Constant Angular Motion
= 0, therefore is constant
at = 0, therefore Vt is constant
C
True or False
Instantaneous values are 1. Between A and B, is > 0? T
different than average values! 2. Between D and A, is > 0? F
3. Omega () is always 0? T
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Visual Comparison
B C
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Angular Kinematics Summary
Angular
Angular Displacement
Linear
Angular Velocity Centripetal Acceleration
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Track Example #2
At 4 s into his 200 m race, Bolt is running with a speed of 7 m/s.
At 9 s, his speed is at 10 m/s. Assume he is running on the
inside line of lane 1, which makes a semicircle (r = 36.5 m).
S
t=9s
Finish
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Example Problem
• The cyclists shown on the next page are rounding
a turn at the bottom of a hill. The path they follow
in doing this is a gentle curve that becomes
progressively sharper as they near the corner. The
radius of the path followed by one of these riders
is 20 m at one point in the initial gentle part of
the turn, and then decreases to a minimum value
of 17 m, 1.5 s later. Her tangential velocity at
these two instants are 12 m/s and 11.5 m/s
respectively. What is her radial acceleration at the
two points? What is her average tangential
acceleration between the two points?
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Biking On a Curve
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The End….
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