Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
• Environmental uncertainties
• Individual difference
• Geographical spread of the organization
• The type of work being done
The Contingency Approach
• Fiedler’s Contingency Theory
• The Path-Goal Theory (House and Dressler)
• The Situational Leadership Theory
(Hershey and Blanchard)
• Normative Decision Model
(Vroom, Yetton / Vroom,Yetton, and Jago)
Fiedler’s Contingency Theory
• In 1938, at the age of 16, Fred fielder emigrated from
University of Chicago.
• Fred Fiedler began with a study of the leadership of high school basketball
teams.
• Fred Fiedler continued to study various areas of activity in the field of effective
leadership
• The results of these years of study can be found in the ground breaking book
• Here ,leaders set high goals and expect subordinates to have high
level performance
• The achievement oriented style provides high structure and dirction
as well as high support through consideration behavior .
Contd….
• The leaders may adopt any of the styles depending upon the
situation.
• In order to adopt the type of behavior ,the leader must also take into
consideration the characteristics of subordinates - age, ability,
acceptance of authority and environmental factors-nature of the task
, structure of the organization to improve subordinates performance
and their satisfaction .
Contd….
• The nurse manager can assume any one of the leadership behavior to
affect subordinates performance .
• According to this theory , leaders must help followers to attain the
goals and must change behavior to fit the situation (environmental
contingencies and subordinates contingencies.)
Situational Leadership Theory
Paul Hersey (1931-2012
• Renowned educationalist.
• Bachelor’s degree (BSc.) from the Seton Hall University
• A Master of Business Administration from the University of Chicago
• A doctorate (Ph.D.) from the University of Massachusetts.
• In 1960 Paul Hersey founded a center for leadership studies with his
colleagues Douglas McGregor, and Carl Rogers.
• Paul Hersey served on the faculties of a number of universities
including the Nova South-eastern University, the University of California
and the Universities of Arkansas and Ohio (United States)
Ken Blanchard 1939