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Angle modulation is a modulation technique where the angle of the carrier wave is varied according to the modulating signal, and can take two forms: phase modulation and frequency modulation. Phase modulation varies the phase angle of the carrier proportionally to the amplitude of the modulating signal, while frequency modulation varies the frequency of the carrier according to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal. FM has advantages over AM such as less noise, operating in the VHF range which is less noisy, and capture effect; but disadvantages include more complicated and costly equipment, limited reception to line-of-sight, and requiring a much wider channel bandwidth.
Angle modulation is a modulation technique where the angle of the carrier wave is varied according to the modulating signal, and can take two forms: phase modulation and frequency modulation. Phase modulation varies the phase angle of the carrier proportionally to the amplitude of the modulating signal, while frequency modulation varies the frequency of the carrier according to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal. FM has advantages over AM such as less noise, operating in the VHF range which is less noisy, and capture effect; but disadvantages include more complicated and costly equipment, limited reception to line-of-sight, and requiring a much wider channel bandwidth.
Angle modulation is a modulation technique where the angle of the carrier wave is varied according to the modulating signal, and can take two forms: phase modulation and frequency modulation. Phase modulation varies the phase angle of the carrier proportionally to the amplitude of the modulating signal, while frequency modulation varies the frequency of the carrier according to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal. FM has advantages over AM such as less noise, operating in the VHF range which is less noisy, and capture effect; but disadvantages include more complicated and costly equipment, limited reception to line-of-sight, and requiring a much wider channel bandwidth.
carrier is varied from its reference value Two forms:
1. Phase Modulation (PM)
- the phase angle of a carrier is being varied by an amount proportional to the modulating signal amplitude - also known as Indirect FM 2. Frequency Modulation (FM) - the frequency of the carrier is varied according to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal Advantages of FM over AM 1. FM reception is less noisy in comparison to AM. - This is because the man-made noises and atmospheric noises produce only amplitude variation and amplitude is constant in FM. Also, most FM receivers are fitted with amplitude limiter. 2. FM broadcast operates in the VHF range (88 to 108 MHz). - This happens to be less noisy because of space-wave propagation.
3. Rejection of interfering signals
because of “Capture Effect”. Disadvantages of FM
1. FM transmitting and receiving
equipment is more complicated, much costly as compared to AM.
2. The area of reception is limited
only to line-of-sight. 3. A much wider channel is required for FM. - Excessive use of spectrum space.