ARCH 64/Building Tech 5

Alternative Bldg Construction

Chapter 1:

CAST IN PLACE &

PRE-CAST

ARCHT. MARCELINO E. DUMPA,ASST. PROF

 Introduction
• In many domestic and industrial buildings a
thick concrete slab, supported on foundations or
directly on the subsoil, is used to construct the
ground floor of a building. These can either be
"ground-bearing" or "suspended" slabs.
• In high rise buildings and skyscrapers,
thinner, pre-cast concrete slabs are slung
between the steel frames to form the floors and
ceilings on each level.
 Concrete Slab
• A concrete slab is a common structural element
of modern buildings. Horizontal slabs of
steel reinforced concrete, typically between 4 and
20 inches (100 and 500 millimeters) thick, are
most often used to construct floors and ceilings,
while thinner slabs are also used for exterior
paving.
• Sometimes these thinner slabs, ranging from 2
inches (51 mm) to 6 inches (150 mm) thick, are
called mud slabs, particularly when used under
the main floor slabs or in crawl spaces.
 A. FLOOR SLAB SYSTEM
• Slabs and columns are constructed without
beams. Primarily designed to resist gravity
loads, these systems possess very limited
ability to resist earthquake forces.
7 Types of Slabs:
1. Flat 5. Lift
2. Flat Plate 6. Span Stress
3. Ribbed 7. Slip Form Method
4. Waffle
 Flat Slab

 Have capitals and/or drop panels at the

tops of columns.
 A capital is the upper portion of the
column, which is usually of conical shape
and larger in cross-section than the
remaining portion of the column; a drop
panel is a thickened portion of the slab in
the area adjacent to a column.
 Flat plates
 A one- or two-way system usually
supported directly on columns or load
bearing walls.
 It is one of the most common forms of
construction of floors in buildings.
 The principal feature of the flat plate floor
is a uniform or near-uniform thickness
with a flat soffit which requires only
simple formwork and is easy to construct.
DIAGRAM
Flat Plate Slab
Flat Slab with Capital
 Ribbed Floor Slab
• Introducing voids to the soffit of a slab reduces
dead weight and increases the efficiency of the
concrete section.
• A slightly deeper section is required but these
stiffer floors facilitate longer spans and provision
of holes. Economic in the range 8 to 12 m.
• The advent of expanded polystyrene moulds has
made the choice of trough profile infinite and
largely superseded the use of standard T moulds.
• Ribs should be at least 125 mm wide to suit
reinforcement detailing.
DIAGRAM
 ADVANTAGES
• Medium to long spans
• Lightweight
• Holes in topping easily accommodated
• Large holes can be accommodated
• Profile may be expressed architecturally, or
used for heat transfer in passive cooling
 Waffle Slab
• Waffles are generally limited to the interior of a slab,
leaving one or two of the forms out to create a solid fill
around the supports.
• The solid fills provide the strength required for shear
transfer to the supports. The fills also reduce the
compression stresses at the soffit of the floor around
the supports, thus avoiding the necessity of bottom
reinforcement in this region.
• Typical waffle constructions using unbonded tendons.
A light top mesh over the waffles is generally the only
top reinforcement at the interior of the floor panels.
 ADVANTAGES
• The principal advantage of a waffle slab or
joist constriction is the composite interaction
of the stem and the topping slab.
• The relative position of one with respect to
the other provides the stiffness characteristic
of a ribbed slab.
 Lift Slab
• Lift slab construction is a method of
constructing concrete buildings by casting the
floor or roof slab on top of the previous slab
and then raising (jacking) the slab up
with hydraulic jacks, so being cheaper and
faster as not requiring boxing and supports for
casting in situ.
Lift Slab Construction
 ADVANTAGES
• Eliminates the need for redundant formwork as
only shuttering required on the edges, therefore
casting concrete slabs is the simplest stage in
whole constriction process of lift-slab method.
• Reduced handling and hoisting of materials and
supplies that can simply be placed on top of the
slabs and lifted with them.
• Only use for 15- 16 storey building. No large span
slab are constructed in this type of construction.
 Slip Form System
• Method of vertically extruding a reinforced concrete section and is
suitable for construction of core walls in high-rise structures – lift
shafts, stair shafts, towers.
• The formwork rises continuously, at a rate of about 300 mm per
hour, supporting itself on the core and not relying on support or
access from other parts of the building or permanent works.
• Allows for the continuous pouring of concrete into walls of a
structure and only stops when the full required height of the
structure has been reached.
• The height of the formwork is designed in such a way that while the
top of the formwork is being filled by concrete the lowest layer of
concrete poured earlier has already gained an initial set. When the
formwork is moved upwards the concrete that is then exposed
remains firm.
 B. WALL PANEL SYSTEM
4 TYPES OF WALL PANEL SYSTEM
1. Flat Type
2. Ribbed Type
3. Window and Wall Type
4. Tilt Up Wall System
THE END