NETWORKS

RF SURVEY
TX SURVEY
DRIVE TEST SURVEY
 ABSTRACT:

 IN THIS PROJECT I INTEND TO DESCRIBE VARIOUS SITE

SURVEYS IT CONTAINS DETAIL ANALYSIS OF:
 GSM ARCHITECTURE
 CHANNELS (USED IN DRIVE TEST)
 TX AND RF SURVEY
 VARIOUS TOOLS
 MICROWAVE AND GSM ANTENNA(FREQUENCY)
 FUTURE ASPECTS
HOW MUCH IS ACHIEVED AND HOW MUCH
TIME IT WILL TAKE TO COMPLETE

 BASICS OF TELECOMS
 TX SURVEY IS COMPLETED
 HALF OF RF SURVEY IS DONE
 DRIVE TEST:YET TO START
 INTRODUCTION
What is GSM ?
 Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular
standard developed to cater voice services and data delivery
using digital modulation

It is organised in three subsystems:

 • Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

 • Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)

 • Network Management Subsystem (NMS)

GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
 GSM SPECIFICATION
 GSM TYPES: GSM900 AND GSM1800
 Carrier Separation : 200 Khz
 Duplex Distance : 45 Mhz
 No. of RF carriers : 124
 Access Method : TDMA/FDMA
 Modulation Method : GMSK
 Modulation data rate : 270.833 Kbps
LOGICAL CHANNELS
 TX SURVEY
 is carried out to avoid obstacle for microwave transmission

 To decide site details to accommodate all transmission network

planning requirement.

RF SURVEY
 To identify the best possible locations to install sites
 To ensure 100% wireless coverage, along with maximum performance,
within the desired area.
 TRANSMISSION
SURVEY REPORT PROVIDES
 site address with GPS coordinate
 map and site situation
 existing transmission equipment data
 type of transmission, frequencies, configuration and capacity
 Line of sight and Path loss calculation
 placement of transmission equipment
 site readiness including: space for equipments, estimation
time for implementation, tower, power resources
 photos of site situation, equipment placement, panoramic 360
degree
 TOOLS USED
 GPS
 COMPASS
 CAMERA
 BINOCULAR
 MAPINFO PROFESSIONAL
 RL TOOL OR GLOBAL
 GPS AND COMPASS
Tower Center

ce
RTK an

Di
st
st

an
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ce
Distance

GPS 1 GPS 2
78.081194/30.412444
AMSL:1296m
 CAMERA
 12 PANAROMIC PHOTOS
 AT 30 DEGREE IN 12 DIRECTIONS
 Proposed antenna locations.
 The camera sees what the antenna will see,
and in this way LOS path conditions are
established.
 MAPINFO PROFESSIONAL
TELECOM DATA AND MAPINFO TOGETHER BE USED FOR SITE
SELECTION
RL TOOL
 FRESNEL ZONE
 The area around the visual line-of-sight that radio waves
spread out into after they leave the antenna. This area must
be clear or else signal strength will weaken.
 GENERAL EQN

where,
 Fn = The nth Fresnel Zone radius in metres
 d1 = The distance of P from one end in metres
 d2 = The distance of P from the other end in metres
 λ = The wavelength of the transmitted signal in metres
HOW FRESNEL ZONE CAN BE
DISRUPTED
 MICROWAVE ANTENNA
 15 GHZ FROM 0 TO 10KM
 7 GHZ ABOVE 10KM
 GSM ANTENNA

GSM900
 GSM 900:USED IN RURAL OR LESS DENSER AREAS

 RF Spectrum
GSM 900
Mobile to BTS (uplink): 890-915 Mhz
BTS to Mobile(downlink):935-960 Mhz
Bandwidth : 2* 25 Mhz
 GSM1800

GSM 1800:USED IN URBAN OR HIGH DENSER AREAS

GSM 1800
Mobile to BTS (uplink): 1710-1785 Mhz
BTS to Mobile(downlink) 1805-1880 Mhz
Bandwidth : 2* 75 Mhz
 FUTURE ASPECTS
 NEED OF APPROX 2 LAKH SURVEY ENGINEERS
 18 NEW TELECOM OPERATORS AND 12 ALLREADY EXIST
 UPCOMING 3G OR UMTS TECHNOLOGY NEEDS MORE SITES
THANK YOU