Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Batch 2019
CM
Subject: Fundamentals of Event Management
Submitted to: Professor. Ananya Mehta
FIFA World Cup
An analysis from Events
perspective
History
and
Concept
• F I FA f o r m e d a s e a r l y a s M a y 2 1 , 1 9 0 4 i n
for Olympics
• A s t h e h i g h e s t f o o t b a l l a u t h o r i t y, F I FA
competition
championship of football.
• Decided that 1930 would be the first international competition for the what was
• F I FA f e l t i t n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e f i r s t h o s t n a t i o n t o p a y f o r t r a v e l e x p e n s e s o f a l l
referees and national teams; a clearly expensive proposition, but many European
and South American nations showed interest; the likes of football powerhouses:
I t a l y, S p a i n , H o l l a n d , H u n g a r y, S w e d e n a n d U r u g u a y
Concept
• Soccer is a global game. It is the world’s most popular
cultural expression.
“ U n l i k e t h e O l y m p i c s , t h e W o r l d C u p i s t h e o n l y t r u l y,
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single-sport global event,” said Nigel Reed, soccer
globe.
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technology is so staggering speaks to the inherent
Objective:
to promote the game of football,
protect its integrity
and bring the game to all.
Mission:
Develop the game, touch
the world,
build a better future.
Goal:
Develop programs to teach the
world’s
youth the game and life lessons
you can learn
from the game.
Aims: expanded
• To p o s i t i v e l y p r o m o t e t h e g a m e o f f o o t b a l l i n e v e r y w a y i t
deems fit;
• To f o s t e r f r i e n d l y r e l a t i o n s a m o n g n a t i o n a l a s s o c i a t i o n s ,
• To g u i d e t h e f o o t b a l l c o m m u n i t y b y t a k i n g s t e p s d e e m e d
n e c e s s a r y o r a d v i s a b l e t o p r e v e n t i n f r i n g e m e n t s o f t h e F I FA
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S t a t u t e s o r r e g u l a t i o n s o f F I FA o r o f t h e L a w s o f t h e G a m e a s
• To p r o m o t e t h e e l i m i n a t i o n o f d i s c r i m i n a t i o n a g a i n s t a c o u n t r y o r a n i n d i v i d u a l f o r
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• To p r o v i d e , b y m e a n s o f s t a t u t o r y r e g u l a t i o n s , p r i n c i p l e s f o r s e t t l i n g a n y
2008 2008 Beijing (OFT) 2008Brazil (FFWC) 2008 New Zealand (FU17WWC) 2008 France (FBSWC)
2008 Japan (FCWC) 2008Chile (FU20WWC)
2009 2009 UAE (FBSWC) 2009 South Africa (FCC)
2009 UAE (FCWC) 2009 Egypt (FU20WC)
2009 Nigeria (FU17WC)
2010 2010 UAE (FCWC) 2010 SOUTH AFRICA (FWC) 2010 TRI (FU17WWC) 2010 Germany (FU20WWC)
2011 2011 Japan (FCWC) 2011 Mexico (FU17WC) 2011Colombia (FU20WC) 2011 Germany (FWWC)
2011 Italy (FBSWC)
2012 2012 Japan (FCWC) 2012 London (OFT)
2012 Thailand (FFWC) 2012 Azerbaijan (FU17WWC)
2012 Japan (FU20WWC)
2013 2013 UAE (FU17WC) 2013 Morocco (FCWC) 2013 Tahiti (FBSWC) 2013Brazil (FCC) 2013 Turkey (FU20WC)
2014 2014 Morocco (FCWC) 2014 Canada (FU20WWC) 2014BRAZIL (FWC)
2014 Costa Rica (FU17WWC)
2015 2015 Japan (FCWC) 2015 Canada (FWWC) 2015Chile (FU17WC) 2015 New Zealand (FU20WC) 2015 Portugal (FBSWC)
2016 Papa New Guinea
2016 2016 Jordan (FU17WWC) 2016Rio (OFT)
(FU20WWC)
2016 Japan (FCWC) 2016Colombia (FFWC)
2017 2017 India (FU17WC) 2017 Bahamas (FBSWC) 2017 Russia (FCC)
2017 Korea Rep. (FU20WC)
2018 2018Uruguay (FU17WWC) 2018 RUSSIA (FWC)
2018 France (FU20WWC)
2019 2019 France (FWWC)
2022 2022 QATAR (FWC)
Visitors
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An onset of 70 years..
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Highlights
And Uniqueness
Highlights and Uniqueness
• The World Cup manages to elicit a more passionate, fervent and almost religious -
like following from more fans around the planet than any other event, including
the Olympics.
• T h e F I FA W o r l d C u p t a k e s p l a c e i n e v e r y 4 y e a r s , i n d i f f e r e n t l o c a t i o n s o f t h e
world. With this it ensures that no country is left behind to miss out on such an
event.
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• The ambience of the event and the organization of the event for millions of
people is commendable.
• E a c h F I FA W o r l d C u p s i n c e 1 9 6 6 h a s i t s o w n m a s c o t o r l o g o . W o r l d C u p W i l l i e ,
the mascot for the 1966 competition, was the first World Cup mascot. Recent
World Cups have also featured official match balls specially designed for each
World Cup.
• It further gives a chance to all the football fans to meet the players they admire
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a n d s e e t h e m p l a y, w h i c h f u r t h e r g i v e s t h e c h a n c e t o t h e a u d i e n c e t o e x p e r i e n c e
t h e g a m e w i t h t h e p l a y e r s d u r i n g t h e p l a y.
• The World Cup is the most prestigious association football tournament in the
world as well as the most widely viewed and followed sporting event in the world,
• The joy that people have of watching their country play at the World Cup, and the
excitement and the passion that it elicits is something that no other event —be it
in the field of sports, entertainment or politics —in the world can match.
• People travel around the world, to different countries, for the passion in each
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country for its team and what it means to all the people to see their team play at
the World Cup, that’s what makes the World Cup unique and so special.
Role of Event
To u r i s m
And
Branding
FIFA Tourism
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FIFA Tourism
• F I FA W o r l d C u p i s t h e M e c c a o f f o o t b a l l .
• This becomes a reason for football lovers around the world to travel to the
• Q u i t e o f t e n i t i s a l s o t h e n e w l y w e d s , t h e r e t i r e d c o u p l e o n t h e i r w o r l d t o u r, t h e
gypsies, the travel enthusiasts and a generation of travelers who make it to the
F I FA W o r l d C u p o n l y b e c a u s e i t b e c o m e s t h e h u b s p o t o f t h e w o r l d t o
e n c o u n t e r. T h e e c s t a t i c v i b e a n d t h e u n i t i n g f e e l i n g o f f o o t b a l l m a k e s i t o n e o f
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• The elected host nation is given a whopping $400 million for constructing
• The host nation’s responsibilities are to develop stadiums and venues for the
hotels and visiting locations for the massive contingent of 35 nations and their
staff.
• Host nations also dwell in fixing their cities for tourist attractions as these
nations also have to reimburse their expenditure for the tournament. And
because the number of visitors are in millions, host nations also have to
Cup, not just in their own country but also the world over to compensate for the
expenditure.
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i n d u l g e i n s p e n d i n g o n p r o m o t i n g t h e i r c o u n t r y i n t h e l i g h t o f t h e F I FA W o r l d
• Ta k e f o r e x a m p l e B r a z i l , t h e c o u n t r y w a s g o i n g t h r o u g h o n e o f i t s w o r s t p o l i t i c a l
nightmares yet, and the midst of all the scandals and riots they also had to
c o n d u c t t h e F I FA W o r l d C u p i n 2 0 1 4 . T h e F o o t b a l l c r a z e d n a t i o n u n i t e d t o g i v e
the world a bang for its buck and completely changed the direction their country
was heading to and made it a massive travel destination for the world to come
and visit. They grossed a net profit of around $330 million on their initial
investment of $30 million. A great way to help the economy via tourism .
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• Q a t a r f o r i t s 2 0 2 2 W o r l d C u p d i d n o t a c c e p t t h e $ 4 0 0 m i l l i o n f r o m t h e F I FA
c o m m u n i t y. A n d i t n o w h a s p l a n s t o b u i l t s t a d i u m s a r o u n d t h e c o u n t r y w o r t h a r o u n d
$6-7 billion, and of that wasn’t enough they are also investing in a ventilation
system that could potentially cool up temperatures during the tournament. All this
money also has to see its way back, and so for that, the country is also massively
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d u r i n g t h e e v e n t i n Q a t a r.
• South Africa in 2010 saw a massive boost in travel tourism, there tourism rates
w e r e u p b y a w h o p p i n g 6 7 % t h a t y e a r. I t a l s o s a w c i t i e s i n S o u t h A f r i c a b e c o m i n g
• A l l i n a l l , F I FA h a s g e n e r a t e d n o t o n l y t a l e n t e d , c o u n t r y p r o u d f o o t b a l l p l a y e r s , i t
destinations that have generated great growths for very many host nations. It has
helped football reach a global stage, and also made numerous cities the cultural
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Socio-
Economic-
Political
Impact and
Evaluation
A critical
perspective
Analytical framework: the Mega-Event Syndrome
• Overpromising of benefits
• Underestimation of costs
• Event takeover
• Event fix
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Overpromising of benefits and underestimation of costs
T h e p r o m i s e s e x - a n t e , F I FA W o r l d C u p S o u t h A f r i c a 2 0 1 0 ( f i g u r e s b y G r a n t
Thornton)
•«The staging of the Soccer World Cup (…) will create significant direct and
i n d i r e c t e c o n o m i c b e n e f i t s f o r t h e c o u n t r y ´ s e c o n o m y, w i t h m i n i m a l t a n g i b l e a n d
intangible costs.»
•Public investment of USD 320 Mio. will generate additional USD 1 Bn. in tax
revenue
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Results ex-post in South Africa
• P u b l i c e x p e n d i t u r e s 1 7 t i m e s ( ! ) h i g h e r, ( e s t i m a t e d ) t a x r e v e n u e 2 . 5 t i m e s
higher: This resulted in a financial loss of USD 2.8 Bn. for government
•Net economic contribution to GDP (2010) between 0.2% (HSRC) and 0.54%
(Grant Thornton)
• « W h i t e E l e p h a n t s » : a t l e a s t 4 s t a d i u m s . E x . C a p e To w n S t a d i u m w i t h U S D 6 . 5
– 9 M i o . l o s s p e r y e a r, t h e p r i v a t e o p e r a t o r S t a d e d e F r a n c e w i t h d r e w, n o w i t ´ s
F u n d a ç ã o G . Va r g a s )
•«The World Cup will produce a surprising cascading effect on investments made
i n t h e c o u n t r y. T h e e c o n o m y w i l l s n o w b a l l , i n c r e a s i n g b y f i v e t i m e s t h e t o t a l
•World Cup contributed 0.7% to GDP (2013); in 2014, Brazilian economy grew by
just 0.5% (worst since 2009), in 2015 GDP growth turned negative ( -3.7%)
• F I FA a n d i t s p a r t n e r s d e p r i v e d t h e B r a z i l i a n s t a t e o f f e d e r a l t a x e s a m o u n t i n g t o
infrastructure projects started / realized, some were not concluded until the World
Cup
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Public costs and private benefits - Profits
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Public costs and private benefits: profits
construction companies
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Elite capture and inequitable distribution of resources
South Africa
•World Cup expenditures could have built 475 ´000 RDP houses for 2.4 Mio. South
Africans
•Thousands of street vendors have lost their livelihoods due to World Cup
250´000 (ANCOP)
•Only 4´000 street vendors (out of 350´000) with permission to sell near
•26 trade union strikes involving 128 ´000 workers to claim labor rights,
wages on World Cup construction sites higher than elsewhere in the sector
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Intangible results of FIFA World Cups
•The unity and euphoria displayed by South Africans during the World Cup
was a transient moment and the World Cup legacy is more mythical than
practical. The World Cup could not ward off strikes by w orkers and as soon
as the soccer finals were drawing to a close the cohesive effects of the
•Brazil´s image worse than before the World Cup: ousting of President Dilma
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R o u s s e f f ; Te m e r g o v e r n m e n t u n d e r h e a v y a t t a c k s b e c a u s e o f c o r r u p t i o n ;
e n t e r t a i n m e n t f o r o u r g l o b a l s o c i e t y. A n d t h a t i s e x a c t l y w h a t F I FA s t a n d s f o r, a
• F I FA a s a g l o b a l c o m m u n i t y h a s a c h i e v e d f e a t s o f u n m a t c h e d s t a t u r e . F o o t b a l l
can topple governments and send nations to war (El Salvador and Honduras, in
1969). The quest for the World Cup, football’s grail, can humiliate the powerful
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• Football can support development by generating income from sports-related sales
and services, boost international trade, create jobs, support local economic
• M o s t i m p o r t a n t l y, h o w e v e r, f o o t b a l l s e r v e s a s a g l o b a l c o m m u n i c a t o r t h a t s p e a k s a
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• F I FA W o r l d C u p 2 0 1 0 , S o u t h A f r i c a , i s a n e x c e l l e n t e x a m p l e o f h o w t h e c o m m u n i t y
helped build an entire nation in scraps. They did so by focusing the entire season
of football to it, by doing so, South Africa saw a massive boost in its economy via
t o u r i s m a n d A i r Ti c k e t s s u r g e d u p b y m a n i f o l d s .
• T h e l i s t o f c o m m u n i t y b u i l d i n g i s e n d l e s s a s F I FA h a s g o t t o i t s c r e d e n t i a l s a l o n g
list of Hosts Nations whom thy have helped build in terms of economic, social, and
p o l i t i c a l s t a b i l i t y.
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Examples
• 1 9 3 0 W o r l d C u p w a s h e l d i n U r u g u a y. T h e c o u n t r y a t t h e p o i n t o f t i m e d i d n o t
t h e W o r l d C u p . F I FA m a d e s u r e t h a t t h e c o u n t r y h a d e n o u g h f u n d s a l l o c a t e d t o
it to host a smooth World Cup, the result of which saw Uruguay as a massive
football playing nation in the coming years and even winning the 1930 World
Cup, the first of the two they won in the span of just 20 years (4 world cups ).
• 1942 and 1946 saw the cancellation of the World Cups as the ongoing World
Wa r l o o m e d l a r g e o v e r t h e F I FA C o m m u n i t y. T h i s s a w a e n o r m o u s u p r i s i n g o f
the football community to fight against the intent of the wars and play the
• T h e f a m o u s F i r s t W o r l d Wa r f o o t b a l l m a t c h o f t h e C h r i s t m a s D a y t r u c e s t a r t e d
after a ball was kicked from the British lines into No Man's Land. ... Staff
sergeant Clement Barker sent the letter home four days after Christmas 1914
when the British and German troops emerged from their trenches in peace.
• C h i l e i n 1 9 6 2 , M e x i c o i n 1 9 7 0 , 1 9 7 4 W e s t G e r m a n y, a n d t h e l i s t j u s t g o e s o n .
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Role of
Public and
Private
Partnerships
A necessary bond
• Va r i o u s c o n t r a c t u a l a r r a n g e m e n t s b e t w e e n p u b l i c i n s t i t u t i o n s a n d p r i v a t e
• Governments aim for new provision methods through the involvement of private
• PPPs are important in two aspects: value for money and incentives.
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Value for Money
The private partner ’s role is to add value so that the public -private arrangement
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(4) better risk allocation; and
private partner can hold large portions of property rights throughout the project’s
life cycle.
The private partner would have added motivations to carry out new investments in
Now with the second potential source of incentives, PPP methods were seen in
which there is a higher integration of activities on the part of the private sector
e n c o u r a g i n g p r o d u c t i v e e f f i c i e n c y.
PPPs encourage the private partner to complete each phase of the project
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( c o n s t r u c t i o n , o p e r a t i o n a n d m a i n t e n a n c e ) w i t h m o r e o p e r a t i o n a l e f f i c i e n c y,
the third potential source of incentives lies in the allocation and the distribution
the public entity should identify the risks inherent to the PPP project, establishing
the most relevant problems for each step, the probability of an occurrence of
each risk event and the potential financial consequences that can be transferred
r e s p o n s i b l y t o t h e p r i v a t e p a r t n e r.
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Example – FIFA World Cup 2014
Provision methods used in 12 sports
arenas.
d u r i n g F I FA W o r l d C u p 2 0 1 4 . T h e
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Fifa world cup for Development ?
•MSE have not proven to have tangible developmental effects
• S o c i o e c o n o m i c b e n e f i t s o f F I FA W o r l d C u p s m a i n l y f o r t h e e v e n t o r g a n i z e r ( F I FA )
• F I FA W o r l d C u p s m a y h a v e e x a c e r b a t e d s o c i o e c o n o m i c i n e q u a l i t i e s . S t a t e
• F I FA W o r l d C u p s h a v e s t r u g g l e d t o r e s p e c t l a b o r r i g h t s a n d h u m a n r i g h t s , i n
•MSE follow the paradigm of commodification of sports and stand for an elite -
• F I FA h a s r e c e n t l y b e e n c a u g h t u p i n s o m e t e r r i b l e c o n t r o v e r s y i n v o l v i n g t h e
p r e s i d e n t o f F I FA a c c e p t i n g b r i b e f o r b i d d i n g f o r Q a t a r t o b e t h e h o s t n a t i o n i n
2022.
• T h i s s c a m h a s s o m e w h a t d e p l e t e d t h e h o p e o f F I FA t o b e o n e o f t h e b e s t
• This has also come as a surprise as this autonomous body has never been
involved in a scam of this magnitude. We strongly condemn this act and hope
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f o r a b e t t e r, m o r e s a f e r, a n d b e t t e r g o v e r n e d F I FA .
Positive insights
•If there have been partially positive effects (wage increases, occupational health
a n d s a f e t y, l i m i t e d s p a c e f o r s t r e e t v e n d o r s ) , t h e n b e c a u s e o f s u s t a i n e d p r e s s u r e
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• F I FA’ s a b i l i t y t o e n h a n c e c u l t u r e s a n d s p r e a d u n i t y a c r o s s t h e g l o b e a s a
w h i c h F I FA h a s u t i l i z e d t o i t s m a x i m u m p o t e n t i a l s o f a r. G e n e r a t i n g B i l l i o n s i n
s a l e s a n d r e v e n u e s , F I FA s h o u l d c o n t i n u e d o i n g s o t o e m p o w e r e a c h a n d
• I t ’ s l a t e s t i n c l u s i o n o f F I FA W o m e n ’ s W o r l d C u p s a w a m a s s i v e E m p o w e r m e n t
of women around the world to leave their obligatory roles and take up football.
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being recognized at a global level as heroes of the sexes which they truly
deserved to be. Women’s World Cup has bought hope to millions of women and
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Conclusion
• F I FA w o r l d c u p i s p r o b a b l y o n e o f t h e b e s t e v e n t s i n t h e w o r l d a n d t h e h o s t i n g
• Not once has the competition failed to impress or the tournament slacked off in
a n y w a y, t h e t i c k e t s a l e s h a v e o n l y r i s e n t h r o u g h t h e y e a r s a n d t h e n u m b e r s
• An enormous football army around the world has taken off into the world of
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Conclusion
• F I FA w o r l d c u p k e e p s i n v o l v i n g f a m e a n d d i l i g e n c e i n t o t h e w o r l d o f c o m p e t i t i v e
football and has also dug its roots into the hearts of millions of youth around
the world. It is the one place of solace where wars have been called off and
• F o o t b a l l i s a s y m b o l , a n d F I FA i s t h e b o d y t h a t u n i t e s u s a l l i n t o t h e w o r l d o f
growing separation.
• So, lets rejoice the World Cup and wave our countries flag throughout the next
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edition of the World Cup this Month.
W e o n l y h o p e f o r y o u t o w a t c h t h e u p c o m i n g F I FA W o r l d C u p ! H a p p y
Wa t c h i n g !