The Power of Water

Dr. Theo Almeida Murphy

Water Conference Sedona
January 2018
"Whether you think you can, or you think you can't –
you're right.„

- Henry Ford
 Agenda
1. Introduction
2. Water Electrolysis
3. Fuel Cell Experiment
4. Water Gas Cells
5. Water Gas
6. Moe-Joe Cell
7. Combustion Engine
8. Quantum Coherence
9. Water Cluster Structure
10. Results
States of Water

4
 Basic Water Structure
In 3-dimensions,
water fits the shape
of a tetrahedron,
with a 105°
angle
between 105°
H atoms
The
combination
of 2 hydrogen
atoms and 1 Simplified
oxygen atom fills cartoon
the unfilled shells
creating covalent
bonds 5
 Water Electrolysis
• Principle:
2H20  2 H+ + 2OH-

(a) Anode pH 0 2 H2O  O2 + 4H+ + 4e- E°= +1.229 V

(b) Anode pH 14 4 OH-  O2 +H2O + 4e- E°= +0.401 V
(c) Cathode pH 0 4 H+ + 4e-  2H2 E°= 0.0 V
(d) Cathode pH 14 4 H2O + 4e-  2H2 +4OH- E°= -0.828 V

Thermodynamics requieres at least an electrode voltage

of 1.229 volts.
The current flowing indicates the rate of electrolysis.
1 amp flowing for one second (one coulomb) produces 0.1177 mL H2 and 0.0588 mL O2.

6
Electrolyzer Types

7
 Fuel Cell Experiment
• We have a PEM Fuel Cell
PEM = Proton Exchange Membrane

1. Water is separated into Hydrogen

and Oxygen using electricity

2. Oxygen and Hydrogen Combine to Water

an generate electricity

8
Energy Efficiency Fuel Cell Cars

9
 Water Gas Cells

George Wiseman with his Water Gas Generator von

ER1200 Brown's Gas 80-cell WIT® Machine from Lothar Grüner, Berlin, Germany
generator, USA ROBINSON (“Rob”) B.
GOURLEY, JR – Florida, USA
10
 Water Gas
Has many names:
• Browns Gas - Jull Brown
• Oxyhydrogen - Dr. Williams A. Rhode
• HHO Gas - George Wiseman and many others
• Dioxytetrahydride Gas or SG Gas: H4O2 - Rob Gourley, Florida
• Water car – Stanley Meyer, Ohio
• Magnegas - Prof. Ruggero Santilli, Florida
• Hydrinos - Dr. Randell L. Mills, New Jersey
• Electrically expanded water - Chris Eckman
• Ohmasa Gas - Prof. Ohmasa , Japan

11
 Water Gas Vaporizing / Melting Metals

Graphite 3.527 °C - 6.381 °F

Tungsten 3.422 C - 6.192 °F Titanium 1.668 °C - 3.034 °F
Iron 1538 °C - 2800 °F

12
 Temperatures
Tungsten
Melt 6192 F 3422 C
Vaporize 10031 F 5555 C
Browns Gas 130 F 54 C
Torches
Acetylene 5972 F 3300 C
Hydrogen arc 7232 F 4000 C
Cyanogen 8477 F 4525 C
Dicyanacetylene 9009 F 4987 C

13
Moe-Joe Cell

14
 Moe-Joe Cell - Emission

Mercedes E200
from year 1996:
O2 - 0.27 vol%
CO2 – 15.21 vol%
CO – 0.004 vol%
HC – 5 ppm vol

15
Moe-Joe Cell – Ice Camera

16
 Combustion Engines running on Water Gas
Germany

Volvo C30 - Benzin: Porsche Cayenne:

O2 - 18.6 vol% O2 - 2.7 vol%
CO2 – 1.3 vol% CO2 – 10.3 vol%
Exhaust Exhaust
Temperature: 24 °C Temperature: 142 °C
17
 Products from the Cell

Water Gas
Activated
Water

Minerals
HHO Cell

18
 Pure water clusters H+(H2O)n

N=21 (it is ”magic”)

Intensity

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Mass (amu)
K.Hansen, Dept. of Physics, Göteborg University
19
Ohmasa Gas

Pure water clusters

H+(H2O)n

20
Tree Types of Bubbles

21
 EZ Exclusion Zone
How EZ is different from Ordinary / Bulk Water:

1) EZ water molecules more constrained, like a crystal

2) EZ molecules more stable (infrared radiation) EZ H2O
3) EZ has a negative charge , voltage down to 120 mV
4) EZ absorbs at 270 nm (light absorption spectrum)
5) EZ is more viscous (falling ball viscometry)
6) EZ molecules aligned (polarizing microscopy)
7) EZ molecular structure different (IR absorption)
8) EZ optical properties different

Prof. Gerald Pollak „The Fourth Stae of Water“

22
 Molecular Structure of Water at Gold Electrodes

Schematic of the electrochemical cell – a

silicon nitride (Si3N4) membrane separates
the liquid from vacuum region of the x-ray
source; a 20nm thin-film gold electrode is
deposited on liquid side of the membrane.
Detection of x-ray absorption is via
fluorescence emission on the vacuum side or
electron emission at the gold electrode.

News Release Rachel Berkowitz (510) 486-7254 • October 23, 2014

Science 14 Nov 2014: Vol. 346, Issue 6211, pp. 831-834 DOI: 10.1126/science.1259437
23
 Frequencies - Vibrations
• The continuous arrival of high and low pressure regions sets the eardrum
into vibrational motion. This is depicted in the animations below:

24
Cymatic – Water Vibrations

25
 Coherence

A wave with infinite coherence area is

combined with a spatially shifted copy of
itself. Some sections in the wave interfere
constructively and some will interfere
destructively.

26
Fish Swarm

27
Quantum Coherence

28
 Coherence and different mater states
• Gases are fully non coherent systems
• Liquids are systems where electron clouds are coherent
• Solids are systems where nuclei, too, are coherent
• Liquid water is peculiar, since the coherent oscillation connects
two electronic configurations that have extreme features:

1) The ground configuration where all electrons are tightly bound

(the ionization potential is 12.60 eV, corresponding to soft X-rays and
to an excitation temperature of 145.000 °C !)

2) The excited configuration has an energy E=12.06 eV, only 0.54 eV

below the ionization threshold. So for each molecule there is an
almost free electron!

29
 Water Coherent State
• The water coherent state is a
superposition of these states
with weights 0.87 and 0.13
respectively. In a water
Coherence Domain (CD) there Ionisation threshold
are 0.13 almost free electrons
per molecule. 12.16 eV
Excited state
• The size of a water CD is 0.1 μm

• The coherent fraction Fc is

about ½ at room temperature. 12.06 eV
• In the excited state the almost Ground state
free electron settles at about
0.35 Å out of the electron core.

30
 Water Size Coherence Domain
• The size of the region (Coherence Domain) where
molecules are phase locked is the wavelength of the
e.m. mode responsible for the coherent oscillation
Lambda = hc/Eexcit
in the case of water:
Lambda = 0.1 µm

31
 XEROSYDRYLE
XEROS (DRY) - IDRO (WATER) - YLE (MATTER)
I. Wash membrane in Milli-Q water

II. Immerse membrane

III. Gently stir liquid and turn over

membrane

IV. Take out membrane and dry it in

air.

V. Repeat steps II – IV 10-20 times

Interative Nafionized Water (INW)

Large Supramolecular Water Clusters Caught on Camera - A Review

Ho M-W, Published January 20th, doi: 10.14294/WATER.2013.12 32
 Fractal Water Structure

10 -6m 10 -4m 10 -2m

Supramolecular H2O archictectures, Roberto Germano, Water Conference, October 6-9, 2016, Bulgaria

33
 Water Neuron

Atomic Force Image:

Minimum measured
height of fibrils is about
1 nm, whereas their
lengths are of hundreds
of nanometers

Supramolecular H2O archictectures, Roberto Germano, Water Conference, October 6-9,

2016, Bulgaria
34
 Scanning Electron Microscope

Supramolecular H2O archictectures, Roberto Germano, Water Conference, October 6-9,

2016, Bulgaria 35
 Possible Structural Model

[H19O10]− [H38O20]2−

36
 Supramolecular Water Clusters
They have all the characteristics of ‘soft matter’ - liquids,
liquid crystals, colloids, polymers, gels, and
foams - that form mesoscopic structures much larger than the
molecules themselves,
but small compared with the bulk material.

Different forms of supramolecular water clusters imaged with AFM; all fields
are 5 microns square (rearranged from Lo A et al., 2012).

37
Electrical potential supramolecular water clusters

Surface contours (left) and electrical potential (right) of a

large water cluster (rearranged from Lo S-Y et al., 2009). 38
Spherical Coherent Domains

Spherical coherent domains

forming a 3-dimensional
dipole structure; note the
6-fold symmetry resulting
from close-packing of
sphere.

39
Living Cell Potential

40
 Experimental Results
• Formation of stable water structures,
due to the presence of charged particles in the water

• Size of clusters 100 nm (0,1µm) in diameter

• Clusters of such structures could be 100 to 1000 nm in diameter

41
 What determines the level of quantum coherence…
… and consequently the quality of the water gas?

• The electrolyzer design (materials, geometry)

• The power supply design and electrical input wave (frequency)
• The electrolyzer operating conditions (charging)
• The starting water (purity)

42
"You must be the change you wish to
see in the world.“

- Mahatma Gandhi

Thank you!