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To validate
𝑄 𝑄 Divide by n
𝑣𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑢𝑒 = = 𝑣𝑟𝑢𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 =
𝑆𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑆𝑟𝑢𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟
Feed system selection. Guidelines
Series layout of runner system
• The total length of the feed system should be as short as possible to minimize material
consumption;
• The total length of the feed system should be as short as possible to minimize pressure drop
through the feed system;
• Naturally balanced feed systems provide greater cavity to cavity consistency with respect to melt
flow, melt pressure, and molded part quality than artificially balanced designs;
• The total number of branches in a feed system should be minimized to avoid excessive runner
volume and potential melt temperature imbalances;
• To minimize pressure drop for a given feed system volume, the diameters of the feed system are
generally largest with the sprue and subsequently become smaller with the primary, secondary,
and other runners with decreasing flow rates;
• Economic analysis is vital to determine the correct number of mold cavities, the layout of the
mold cavities, and the type of feed system; and
• Hot runner and three-plate molds should be considered when cavities in a two-plate mold
obstruct the desired layout of the feed system.
Estimate Pressure Drops
To verify laminar flow, the Reynolds number, Re, should be less than 2300
ሶ 𝑚3
𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑙𝑡 = 50 ∙ 10−6
𝑠
𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑚𝑒𝑙𝑡 = 1000
𝑚3
𝜇𝑚𝑒𝑙𝑡 = 100 𝑃𝑎 𝑠
𝐷 = 0.01 𝑚
Estimate Pressure Drops
Power law
k the reference viscosity
n power law index of the polymer melt at the melt temperature
Example
Example
Example
This pressure drop is significant but reasonable compared to typical injection pressures of 150 MPa
Sprue bushing dimensions
Runner block
Comparing round and trapezoid runner cross section
Typical runner cross section
Modified trapezoid runner sizes
Hydraulic diameter for different runner sections
Runner diameters for commun materials
Measuring runner length Increasing runner diameter by 20%