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Subsynchronous Oscillations
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Example of Torsional Characteristics
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Figure 15.3 Rotor natural frequencies and mode shapes of a 555 MVA,
3,600 r/min steam turbine generator
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Torsional Interaction with power System
Controls
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Interaction with Generator Excitation
Controls
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Example 15.2: Torsional Interaction with Power System
Stabilizer
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Case A
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Speed signal at generator end causes instability or
decreased damping of torsional modes while damping
system mode
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Table E15.1 Effect of delta-omega stabilization
without a torsional filter circuit
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Case B
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Table E15.2 Effect of delta-omega stabilization
with a torsional filter
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Case C
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Table E15.3 Effect of delta-P stabilization
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Interaction with Nearby HVDC Converters
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Interaction with HVDC Converters (cont'd)
Basic Phenomenon
Torsional mode oscillations cause phase and
amplitude modulation of generated voltage waveform
modulated voltage has frequency components equal
to fo-ft
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Closed-loop current control responds to correct these
changes
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Subsynchronous Resonance
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Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR)
Not until the second failure in 1971 was the real cause
of failure recognized as SSR
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Natural frequency fn of the circuit inductance and
capacitance:
1 0 XC
n 0 rad s
LC L C
0 0
XL
or
XC
fn f0 Hz
XL
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Table 15.1 shows the natural and slip frequencies as a
function of the degree of compensation (with f0 = 60 Hz)
Table 15.1
10 18 42
25 30 30
30 32.6 27.4
40 38 22
50 42.4 17.6
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Here we have considered a simple radial system. For a
complex network, the frequency-dependent
characteristic of the effective impedance seen by a
generator may be determined by a frequency scanning
program
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Self-Excitation Due to Induction Generator
Effect
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Interaction with Torsional Oscillations
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Example 15.3 Instability of Subsynchronous Oscillations
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Power flow condition is as follows:
a) PL = 166.5 MW, QL = 0
b) PL = 0 QL = 0
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Analysis
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Table E15.4 Torsional and Network modes as a Function of the
Degree Series Compensation
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As compensation is increased
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Table E15.5 Comparison of the Network Mode With and
Without Multimass Representation of the Turbine-Generator
Rotor
with PL = 166.5 MW QL = 0
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Case (b): With PL = QL = 0
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Table E15.6 Torsional and Network Modes as a Function of
the Degree Series Compensation
With PL = QL = 0
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Impact of Network Switching Disturbances
on Steam Turbine-Generators
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Torsional Fatigue Characteristics
Figure 15.11 A typical fatigue characteristic showing cycle life curve for fully
reversed stress
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Steady-State Switching
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IEEE Guidelines for Screening Acceptable
Steady-State Line - Switching Duties
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A rule-of-thumb limit for ΔP is:
0.5 pu of generator MVA rating
Reference 32: IEEE WG Report, "IEEE Screening Guide for Planned Steady-
State Switching Operations to Minimize Harmful Effects on Steam Turbine
Generators", IEEE Trans., Vol. PAS-99, No. 4, pp. 1519-1521, July/August
1980.
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Successive Network-Switching
cont'd
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Automatic high speed reclosing of multiple faulted
lines near thermal generating plants pose significant
risks of shaft fatigue life expenditure
where contemplated, a study of shaft fatigue duty
recommended
The following are possible alternative reclosing
strategies with reduced risk of shaft damage:
Delayed reclosing, with a delay of 10 s or more
Sequential reclosing: automatic reclosing from the
remote end, followed by synchro-check reclosing of
the plant end
Selective reclosing: limiting high-speed reclosing to
L-G faults and L-L faults
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Hydro Generator Torsional Characteristics
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