MODULE NO.

1:
BASIC CONCEPTS
OF APPLIED
ELECTRICITY

GENE LAMBERT RAMIREZ GIRON, UAP, NAMPAP, PIEP

LECTURER, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY-MANILA
PARTNER, JPT REVIEW CENTER, INC.
CEO, G+A CONSULTING
ELECTRICITY
• Form of Energy that is carried through conductors.
• Conductors
• Material that allows energy to move through it.
• Energy may be;
• Electric
• Heat
• Sound
• Copper is second best conductor of electricity.
ELECTRICITY
• May be produced through;
• Mechanical Energy
• Chemical Energy
• Renewable Energy
ELECTRICITY
• Chemical Energy
• Through Batteries
• Powered by Chemicals;
• Lithium
• Cadmium
• Alkaline
• And More
• Perishable
• Cathode (+) and Anode (-)
ELECTRICITY
• Mechanical Energy
• Prevailed during the Industrial Revolution when
Steam Engine was introduced.
• Through a Generator
• Powered by;
• Coal
• Fossil Fuel
• Tributary to Generation of Carbon Monoxide (CO)
ELECTRICITY
• Renewable Sources of Energy;
• Sun
• Photovoltaic Cells
• Wind
• Wind Turbines
• Heat
• Geothermal Energy
• Water
• Hydro Electricity
• Waste
• Biomass Energy
• Human Effort
• Piezoelectricity
CURRENT
• Current is defined as the Rate of Flow of Electricity in
a Conductor.
• Expressed in Amperes (A)
• Analogous to Pressure of Water on Pipes similar in
Plumbing.
• Two Types of Current:
• Direct
• Alternating
CURRENT
• Direct Current
• Flows in One Direction.
• Since it moves in one direction, electricity
produced is depleted.
• Works only from source to point of service until
fully consumed.
CURRENT
• Alternating Current
• Flows in Two Reverse Directions.
• Requires Alternator or Rotary Converter
• With designated;
• Positive Poles
• To Machine or Device
• Negative Poles
• From Machine or Device
• It flows in two directions so that electricity source
is not depleted.
VOLTAGE
• Force, Strength, or Amount of
Electricity.
• Expressed in Volts
• Analogous to Volume in Plumbing.
• Standard Voltage for devices;
• 120 V (Obsolete)
• 240 V
RESISTANCE
• Rate of impedance or opposition to Current or Flow of
Electricity.
• Expressed in Ohms (Ώ)
• V=I x R
• Higher Resistance Over Conductance of Material
makes it an Insulator.
• Analogous to Friction Headloss in Plumbing.
• Insulator
• Material that allows little or no energy to flow in it.
• Ceramic, Wood, and Rubber are forms of Insulator.
WATTAGE
• Amount of Power Required for a
device to Function.
• Expressed in Watts.
• W= V x A
ASSIGNMENT NO. 1
• Individual
• Handwritten on A4
• Document with Actual Photos with you in it the
following inside any Building.
• Transformer Room
• Generator Room
• Service Drop
• KW-H Meter
• Electrical Rooms
• Document your Findings;
• What is found inside?
• How does it work?
 MODULE NO. 2:
APPLIED
ELECTRICITY ON
SIMPLE BUILDING
SYSTEMS

GENE LAMBERT RAMIREZ GIRON, UAP, NAMPAP, PIEP

LECTURER, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY-MANILA
PARTNER, JPT REVIEW CENTER, INC.
CEO, G+A CONSULTING
SERVICE MAIN
• Main
• Defined as source of Utility for Buildings such as;
• Water
• Sewage Disposal
• Storm Drainage
• Electricity
• Telephone
SERVICE MAIN
• Electric Service Main
• Evident through presence of Electric Posts.
• In some cases; Underground Service Connections
are Implemented
• Usually Located along Road Right-of-Ways.
• Considered Tapping Points for Source of Electricity.
• Voltage on Service Mains are unstable, thus, it
requires regulation.
TRANSFORMERS
• Regulates Voltage by either Reducing or
Strengthening it as it enters the building.
• Composed of Series of Copper Coils.
• Two Types;
• Step up Transformer
• 120 V to 240 V
• Step down Transformer
• 240 V to 120 V
TRANSFORMERS
• Availability of Transformers;
• C/O Service Provider
• Transformers are already present or requested
to the service provider to be located on
electric posts or secured areas on Road Right-
of-Ways.
• Owner Supplied
• Transformers are supplied by the owner. This
commonly happens if electrical load exceeds
the capacity of Service Provided Transformers.
TRANSFORMERS
• Design of Transformer Rooms on Buildings;
• Usually Located on;
• Ground Floor
• Second Floor
• Requires Ventilation
• Requires Immediate Access Outside the
Structure/Public.
KILOWATT-HOUR METER
• Appurtenance used to measure
consumption of Electricity in a
facility.
• Metering Facility
• An assembly of KW-H Meter
and Busbars containing circuits
for distribution.
SERVICE DROP
• Overhead Portion of the Service Conductor as it
enters the building.
• Service Entry of Electricity to Building.
UNITIZED PANEL BOARD
• Control Panel of Electricity Distributed on Circuits in a
Building.
• Composed of Either;
• Fuse
• Circuit Breakers
ASSIGNMENT NO. 2
• Individual
• Handwritten on A4
• Comparative Analysis of Electrical Symbols and
Actual Image including Description.

Name and Symbol Actual Image

Description
 MODULE NO. 3:
BUILDING CIRCUITS
AND COMPONENTS

GENE LAMBERT RAMIREZ GIRON, UAP, NAMPAP, PIEP

LECTURER, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY-MANILA
PARTNER, JPT REVIEW CENTER, INC.
CEO, G+A CONSULTING
CIRCUITS
• SERIES CIRCUIT
• RUNS IN A SINGLE DIRECTION
• FIXTURES ARE CONNECTED IN TANDEM
• CONSTANT FLOW ELECTRICITY
• VOLTAGE DROP OCCURS

• PARALLEL CIRCUIT
• RUNS IN TWO DIRECTION
• FIXTURES ARE CONNECTED SEPARATELY
• CONSUMES MORE WIRE
• INCREASE IN CURRENT OCCURS
CIRCUITS
IMPORTANCE
ELECTRICITY PASSES THROUGH THIS. SO
IT IS IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER THEM IF
WE WANT TO SUPPLY OUR BUILDINGS.
CIRCUITS
• BRANCH CIRCUIT
• CONDUCTING PATH OF
ELECTRICITY FROM SOURCE OR
POINT OF REGULATION OF
SOURCE.
• GROUNDING WIRE: GREEN
• NEUTRAL WIRE: WHITE
• TYPES OF BRANCH CIRCUITS
• GENERAL PURPOSE
• APPLIANCE CIRCUITS:
SPECIFIC TO APPLIANCES
• INDIVIDUAL/SPECIAL
CIRCUITS: FOR LARGE LOADS
ELECTRICAL LOAD
• LOAD IS THE PART OF AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT OTHER
THAN THE SOURCE OF ELECTRIC CURRENT.

• THE LOAD INCLUDES ALL APPLIANCES PLACED IN THE

CIRCUIT, SUCH AS LIGHTS, RADIOS, FANS, BUZZERS,
AND TOASTERS.

• IT ALSO INCLUDES THE CONNECTING WIRES, AS

WELL AS SWITCHES, FUSES, AND OTHER DEVICES.
THE LOAD FORMS A CONTINUOUS CONDUCTING PATH
BETWEEN THE TERMINALS OF THE CURRENT
SOURCE.
WIRES AND CABLES
• WIRE
• A PLIABLE SOLID METALLIC
STRAND OR A TWISTED OR
WOVEN ASSEMBLY OF SUCH
STRANDS, OFTEN INSULATED
AND USED AS A CONDUCTOR OF
ELECTRICITY
• CABLE
• A SINGLE INSULATED
CONDUCTOR OR A BOUND OR
SHEATHED COMBINATIONS OF
CONDUCTORS INSULATED FROM
ONE ANOTHER
WIRING TYPES FOR CIRCUITS
TRADE NAME TYPE MAXIMUM LOCATION
OPERATING
PROCEDURE
C-F
MOISTURE AND HEAT RESISTANCE RUBBER RHW 75 - 167 DRY AND WET

THERMOPLASTIC T 60 – 140 DRY

MOISTURE RESISTANT THERMOPLASTIC TW 60 – 140 DRY AND WET

HEAT RESISTANT THERMOPLASTIC THHN 90 – 194 DRY

MOISTURE AND HEAT RESISTANT THERMOPLASTIC THW THWN 75 – 167 DRY AND WET

MOISTURE AND HEAT RESISTANT CROSS LINKED XHHW 90 – 194 DRY AND WET
WITH THERMOSETTING POLYETHYLENE

SILICONE ASBESTOS SA 90 – 194 DRY

ASBESTOS AND VARNISHED CAMBRIC AVA 110 - 230 DRY

CONDUCTOR INSULATION
• THERMOPLASTIC
• POLYCARBONATE
• POLYETHYLENE
• POLYPROPYLENE
• POLYSTYRENE
• POLYVINYL & VINYL

• THERMOSETTING
• POLYESTER
• POLYURETHANE
• EPOXY
• MELAMINE
TYPES OF CABLES
• CABLE
• A SINGLE INSULATED CONDUCTOR OR A BOUND
OR SHEATHED COMBINATIONS OF CONDUCTORS
INSULATED FROM ONE ANOTHER
FLEXIBLE METAL CLAD ( BX )
• ASSEMBLY OF WIRES OF PLASTIC
INSULATED BOUND TOGETHER
WITH A TAPE OR BRAID WRAPPED
WITH A SPIRAL WOUND
INTERLOCKING STRIP OF STEEL
TAPE.
• INSTALLED AS A UNIT, WITH U –
CLAMP OR STAPLES AGAINST
WALLS, CEILINGS AND COLUMNS.
• USED FOR RESIDENCES AND RE –
WIRING OF EXISTING BUILDINGS.
FLEXIBLE METAL CLAD ( BX )
• CAN BE PULLED INTO PLACE THROUGH EXISTING
SPACES IN BACK OF PLASTERED SURFACES, UNDER
FLOOR JOISTS OR BETWEEN STUDDING IN WALLS.

• PROVIDED WITH SPECIAL COUPLINGS, BOX

CONNECTORS AND OTHER FITTINGS TO
INTERCONNECT BX WITH RSC’S.
BUSWAY/BUSDUCT
• TO CARRY LARGE AMOUNTS OF CURRENT
OR POWER REQUIRE HIGH -CURRENT
CARRYING APPLICATION.
• BUS IS MADE FROM SOLID COPPER AND
ASSEMBLED IN METAL HOUSING
( BUSDUCT ).
• BOLTED IN CONNECTION WITH STIFF
METAL HOUSING INSTALLED WITH
ANGLES, BENDS, TAP – OFFS AND CURVES.
• PLUG – IN
• REFERS TO A DESIGN THAT ALLOWS
DEVICES SUCH AS SWITCHES AND
CIRCUIT BREAKERS DIRECTLY PLUGGED
INTO THE BUSDUCT.
CABLEBUS
• SIMILAR TO BUSWAY EXCEPT THAT IT USES
INSULATED CABLES RIGIDLY MOUNTED IN OPEN
SPACE FRAME.
• CARRIES HIGHER AMPACITY IN FREE AIR THAN IN
CONDUIT RATING.
• ALLOWS THE CHANGE IN FEEDER LENGTH
• ALLOWS A NUMBER OF TAPS
• SUSTAIN HOURS OF OPERATION
• LESS ENERGY RATES
ASSEMBLIES
• FLAT CABLE ASSEMBLIES
• FIELD CONSTRUCTED
• CONSIST OF 2 – 4 CONDUCTORS
• CONNECTION EXTEND DIRECTLY TO
THE DEVICE OR TO AN OUTLET BOX
WITH RECEPTACLE FOR EASY
DISCONNECTION.
• USEFUL FOR SMALL UNIT HEATERS OR
SINGLE PHASE LIGHT DUTY SERVICES
• ELIMINATES THE NECESSITY OF HARD
CONDUIT / CABLE WIRING.
ASSEMBLIES
• TRACK
• FACTORY ASSEMBLES CHANNEL
WITH CONDUCTORS FOR 1 – 4
CIRCUITS PERMANENTLY INSTALLED
IN THE TRACK.
• POWER IS TAKEN FROM TRACK BY
SPECIAL TAP – OFF DEVICES THAT
CONTACT THE TRACK ELECTRIFIED
CONDUCTORS AND CARRY POWER
TO THE ATTACHED LIGHTING
FIXTURE.
CABLE TRAY AND RACEWAYS
• CONTINUOUS OPEN SUPPORT FOR
APPROVED CABLES.
• REQUIRES THAT CABLES BE SELF
PROTECTED OR JACKETED TYPES.
• FREE AIR RATED CABLES, EASY
INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE
AND RELATIVELY LOW COST BUT
BULKY AND REQUIRE SPECIAL
ACCESS.
• OPEN/SNAPPER RACEWAYS:
• ACCESSIBLE RACEWAYS
CLOSED RACEWAY
THREE VARIATIONS ARE:
1. CONDUIT PIPES
• PVC
• EMT
• IMC
• RSC
2. SURFACE RACEWAYS
3. UNDER - FLOOR DUCTS
CONDUIT PIPES
• TYPES
• PVC
• EMT (ELECTRIC METALLIC TUBING)
• IMC (INTERMEDIATE METAL CONDUIT)
• RSC (RIGID STEEL CONDUIT)
• PROTECT AND ENCLOSE WIRING FROM
MECHANICAL INJURY AND CORROSION
• GROUNDED METAL ENCLOSURE FOR THE
WIRING IN ORDER TO AVOID SHOCK
HAZARD
• PROTECTION FROM FIRE HAZARD,
OVERHEATING OR ARCING OF CONDUCTORS
• SUPPORT THE CONDUCTORS
UNDER FLOOR
• CONCEALED INSTALLATION OF CONDUITS.
• IDEALLY FOR RAISED FLOORING SYSTEMS
AND FLOOR RECEPTACLES AND OUTLETS.
ASSIGNMENT NO. 3
• Individual
• Handwritten on A4
• Catalog of Cables

Name Description/Usage Actual Image

Armored Cable (AC) Flexible Metal Sheet.
Used for Flexible
Wiring. Metal for
Durability and
Resistance to
Weathing