Design Efficiencies Using

ASTM A1035 Grade 100 in Reinforced

Concrete Structural Applications

By
Salem S. Faza, Ph.D.
Bassam Saddawi, M.Sc., MBA, P.E., LEED AP
MMFX Technologies Corporation

Affiliated:

Spring 2016
THE CONGESTION PROBLEM
 A1035/A1035M CS Grade 100 Steel
Is the Solution to the Congestion Problem

ASTM A1035 CS Grade 100

Design
Grade 60Solution
Design The SOLUTION
Congestion Problem
ASTM A1035/A1035M CS
Grade 100 Design

• Reduce steel tonnage used

and material costs
• Improve constructability
• Reduce rebar congestion
and labor costs
 ASTM Designation:
A1035/A1035M-15
Standard Specification for
Deformed
and Plain, Low-Carbon,
Chromium,
• FirstSteel
ASTMBars for Standard
A1035 Reinforcement
issued in 2004

• 2015 Standard Modified to

include three Types:
• CS CM & CL
• Grade 100 (690 MPa) and Grade
120 (830 MPa) rebar

• Meets/exceeds all mechanical

properties of ASTM A615 –
conventional rebar – Grade 80
and 100
 Chemical Composition of ASTM A1035 Alloy Types

Composition Max, %A
Alloy Type Carbon Chromium Manganese Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon

1035 CL 0.3 2.0-3.9 1.5 0.05 0.035 0.045 0.5

1035 CM 0.2 4.0-7.9 1.5 0.05 0.035 0.045 0.5
1035 CS 0.15 8.0-10.9 1.5 0.05 0.035 0.045 0.5
 Minimum Tensile Property Requirements of ASTM A1035-15

Alloy Type ASTM A1035 ASTM A1035 ASTM A1035

CL CM CS
ChrōmX Grade Series 2100 2120 4100 4120 9100 9120
Composition %
Carbon 0.3 0.2 0.15
Chromium 2.0 – 3.9 4.0 – 7.9 8.0 – 10.9
Grade (ksi) 100 120 100 120 100 120
Tensile Strength (ksi) 130 150 150 150 150 150
Yield Strength (ksi)
100 120 100 120 100 120
(0.2% offset)
Elongation in 8 in. (%)
#3 through #11 7 7 7 7 7 7
#14 and #18 6 6 6 6 6 6
 Stress Strain Curve of (ASTM A1035 CL)

> 1.25 T/Y

> 100

According to ASTM:
Yield strengths determined by
0.2% offset method.
Guidelines, Codes and Specifications for Designing to 100 ksi (690 MPa)
ACI ITG-6R (2010) ICC-ES AC429 AASHTO LRFD Bridge
Design Guide for the (October 2015) Specification (Edition 7,
Use of ASTM Acceptance Criteria for High-Strength 2014)
A1035/A1035M Steel Reinforcing Bars Bridge Design Code for the Use
Grade 100 (690 MPa)
of ASTM A1035/A1035M Grade
Steel Bars for Structural
100 (690 MPa) Steel Bars for
Concrete
Bridge Structures
Guidelines, Codes and Specifications for Designing to 100 ksi (690 MPa)
ACI ITG-6R-10 Design Guide for High-Strength Steel Reinforcing Bars
Authored by the ACI Innovative Task Group 6 and published in August 2010 by the American
Concrete Institute, this guide provides recommendations on design provisions for the use of
ASTM A1035/ASTM1035M Grade 100 (690) high-strength deformed steel bars for reinforced
concrete members.

The guide was developed to specifically address certain requirements in ACI 318
that limit the efficient use of high-strength steel bars and only addresses those
limitations. Other code requirements are not affected.

This guide includes a discussion of the material characteristics of Grade 100 (690)
ASTM A1035/A1035M deformed steel bars and recommends design criteria for
beams, columns, slab systems, walls, and footings for Seismic Design Category
(SDC) A, B, or C, and also for structural components not designated as part of the
seismic-force-resisting system for SDC D, E, or F.

For high seismic areas, the application of this guide is currently limited to slab
systems, foundations, and structural components not designated as part of the
seismic-force-resisting system. The only exception to this, is the use of transverse
reinforcement for concrete confinement with specified yield strength ( fy) up to
100,000 psi (690 MPa) as permitted by Section 21.1.5.4 of ACI 318.
Guidelines, Codes and Specifications for Designing to 100 ksi (690 MPa)
ACI ITG-6R-10 Design Guide for High-Strength Steel Reinforcing Bars
The following design guidelines for use of ChrōmX Grade 100 (690) steel bars for structural concrete are presented
herein based on the recommendations of the ACI ITG 06 report:

 A simplified design method is recommended for flexural tension, based on an idealized elasto-plastic stress-
strain curve with a yield plateau at fy = 100 ksi (690 MPa).

 The tension-controlled and compression-controlled strain limits and the strength reduction factor φ are
adjusted to ensure satisfactory member behavior. The adjusted tension and compression strain limits are 0.009
and 0.004 respectively, and the adjusted strength reduction factor φ is given by the following equation: 0.65 ≤
(φ = 0.45 + 50εt) ≤ 0.9

 Moment redistribution for flexural design using ChrōmX reinforcement is not recommended.

 Flexural design using ChrōmX Grade 100 (690) bars with fy = 100,000 psi (690 MPa) would result in higher steel
stress at service load conditions; designer should exercise caution in applying the ACI 318-08 provisions on
crack and deflection controls.

 For shear design of beams, ChrōmX Grade 100 (690) bars may be used as shear reinforcement with specified
yield strength ( fyt)= 80,000 psi (550 MPa).
Guidelines, Codes and Specifications for Designing to 100 ksi (690 MPa)
ACI ITG-6R-10 Design Guide for High-Strength Steel Reinforcing Bars
Guidelines, Codes and Specifications for Designing to 100 ksi (690 MPa)
ICC-ES AC429 (October 2015) Acceptance Criteria for High-Strength Steel
Reinforcing Bars
The purpose of the ICC Acceptance Criteria and Evaluation Reports is to provide Architects, Engineers
and Designers with guidelines and procedures for the use of construction products. The purpose of
Acceptance Criteria (AC429) is to establish procedures for high-strength steel reinforcing bars
recognized by ICC-ES, Evaluation Report (ESR-2107) under the 2012 and 2009
International Building Code (IBC). The basis of recognition is IBC Section 104.11.

The AC429 and ESR-2107 are guidelines and procedures for the use of the high-
strength, uncoated, deformed, low-carbon, chromium-bearing steel reinforcing bars,
complying with ASTM A1035 Grade 100, for use as longitudinal and transverse
reinforcement in reinforced concrete.
Guidelines, Codes and Specifications for Designing to 100 ksi (690 MPa)
ICC-ES AC429 Acceptance Criteria for High-Strength Steel Reinforcing Bars
The ICC-AC429 and ESR-2107 provide Architects, Engineers and Designers with structural design criteria and
guidelines in accordance with ACI 318, except as outlined in ACI ITG-6R-10 which provides further guidance for
using high-strength steel reinforcing bar beyond current ACI 318 limitations.

The ICC-AC429 and ESR-2107 also provide modifications to ACI 318, taken from ACI ITG-6R. The table below
provides specified yield strengths of ASTM A1035 Grade 100 bars to be used in the design of structural members in
accordance to the ACI ITG-6R-10 and implemented in the Acceptance criteria AC 429.

Type of Member Longitudinal Reinforcement Transverse Reinforcement

Tension, psi (MPa) Compression, psi (MPa) Shear, psi (MPa) Torsion, psi (MPa) Confinement, psi (MPa)

Beams and one-way slabs 100,000 (690) 80,000 (550) 80,000 (550) 60,000 (410) N/A1
Columns 100,000 (690) 80,000 (550) 80,000 (550) 60,000 (410) 100,000 (690)2
Tension ties 80,000 (550) N/A1 N/A1 N/A1 N/A1
Compression struts N/A1 80,000 (550) N/A1 N/A1 N/A1
Two-way slabs 100,000 (690) 80,000 (550) 60,000 (410) 60,000 (410) N/A1
Walls 100,000 (690) 80,000 (550) 80,000 (550) N/A1 100,000 (690)3
Footings and pile caps 100,000 (690) 80,000 (550) 80,000 (550) 60,000 (410) N/A1
Mat foundations 100,000 (690) 80,000 (550) 80,000 (550) N/A1 N/A1

1Not Applicable 2Spirals and ties 3Ties

ASTM A1035 Grade 100 ksi
ACI-ITG6 Design Examples
Design of Beam with Tension and Compression Reinforcement
The MMFX High-Strength ASTM A1035 ChrōmX Grade 100
Determine the required area of reinforcement for the beam shown below for the following given
loads:

Mu = 516 ft-kips
fc' = 8,000 psi
fy = 100,000 psi (tension) and 80,000 psi (compression)
Design of Beam with Tension and Compression Reinforcement
The MMFX High-Strength ChrōmX Grade 100
High-Strength Steel Reinforcement
Model
Step One
Determine the required Reinforcement based
on ASTM A1035 Grade 100 Steel Bars
First: Determine the required nominal strength
Use ᵩ = 0.90 for tension-controlled section =>
Mn = Mu / ᵩ = 516 / 0.9 = 573 ft-kips
Second: Determine maximum moment without
compression reinforcement
c = 0.25 d = 0.25 x 2.5 = 5.13 in.
a = ß1 c = 0.65 x 5.13 = 3.33 in.
C = T = 0.85 fc' a b = 0.85 x 4 x 3.33 x 14
= 317 kips
Mn (tension) = T ( dt - a/2 ) = 317 ( 20.5 - 4.36/2 )
= 5971 in.-kips = 498 ft-kips
Conventional Strength Steel Reinforcement
Model
Determine the required Reinforcement based
on ASTM A615 Grade 60 Steel Bars
No changes
 Mn = 573 ft-kips
Define rectangular concrete stress distribution
C = T = 0.85 fc' a b
Mn (tension) = T (dt - a/ ) = 0.85 fc' a b (dt - a/2)
573 ft-kips = 6876 in-kips = 0.85 x 8 x a 14 x
( 20.5 - a/2 ) => a = 3.89 in.
Design of Beam with Tension and Compression Reinforcement
The ASTM A1035 High-Strength ChrōmX Grade 100
Third: Required area of tension steel to develop
Mn (tension)
As (for Mn tension) = 0.85 fc' a b / fy = 317 / 100
= 3.17 in2
Fourth: Additional moment should be developed
in T-C couple between tension steel and
compression steel
Mn (additional tension) = Mn (compression)
= 573 - 498 = 75 ft-kips
As (for Mn additional tension) =
Mn (additional tension) / ( dt - d ) fy
= 75 (12) / (20.5 - 2.5) x 100 = 0.50 in2
therefore => Total tension steel required As =
3.17 + 0.50 = 3.67 in2
Third: Determine required area of tension steel
c = a / ß1 = 3.89 / 0.65 = 5.98 in.
Ɛs = 0.003 (( dt -c ) / c ) = 0.003 (( 20.5 - 5.98 ) /
5.98 ) = 0.0073
As (for Mn tension) = 0.85 fc' a b / fy = 208 / 60
= 0.85 x 8 x 3.89 x 14/60 = 6.17 in2
No need for As' for compression
Using Grade 100 requires a total area of
reinforcement, including tension and
compression steel of 4.79 in2.
While using Grade 60 requires a total of 6.17
in2.
The design with ASTM A1035 results in about
25% reduction of the required flexural
reinforcement.
Design of Beam with Tension and Compression Reinforcement
The ASTM A1035 High-Strength ChrōmX Grade 100
Step Two
The strain in the compression steel is calculated to
be 0.0015, as shown in the strain diagram.
The corresponding steel stress is:

Fs' = E Ɛs' = 29x106 x 0.00154 = 44.6 ksi

as a result, Compression steel required is As' =
Mn (compression) / ( dt - d ) fs' =
75 (12) / (20.5 - 2.5) x 44.6 = 1.12 in2.
Total Steel Area Required = 3.67 + 1.12 = 4.79 in2

By using Grade 100 steel with 8000 psi concrete, both the tension and compression steels are
reduced.
Optimizing Mat Foundation
and Shear Wall Designs
With ASTM A1035/A1035M
Typical Approach to Utilize the High-Strength Grade 100 vs. 75
Based on ACI 318

Mat Foundation Tension Controlled Section

Mn (75) = As req (75) . fy (75) . dt

= 75 As req (75)
Mat 75 Mat 100
dt Mn (100) = As req (100) . fy (100) . dt

= 100 As req (100)

As required (75) As required (100) Mn (75) = Mn (100)

=> 75 / 100 . As req (75) = As req (100)

25 % Less Steel Reinforcement Bar

Optimizing the Design by Customizing and Redesigning
Conventional
Gr75 Reinforcement

Advanced
Structural
Analysis
Optimizing Mat Foundation Designs with the MMFX High-Strength
ChrōmX 2100 Grade 100
Mat Foundation Tension Controlled Section

Mat 75 Mat 100 C = 0.85 . f’c . Ac

dt75 dt100
dt’100

As required (75) As required (100) T2 = As2 . Fs2

} =>T
T1 = As1 . Fs1

dt75 Flexural Strength =

dt100 = dt75 + 3”
Mn = T or C . dt’100
ChrōmX Grade 100 Construction Savings
Optimizing the Designs Reinforce- Asrequired per Steel Percentage of
ment Type 10-ft Wide Reinforcement Steel
Mat Foundation Section Weight in lb per Reinforcement
Tension Controlled Section foot square Savings of
Structure
Members Re-
designed with
Grade 100
1 Black Bar 187.2 63.7 -
Grade 75

2 ChromX 124.9 42.5 33%

Grade 100
3 ChromX 101.5 34.5 46%
Grade 120

*** Savings shown for reinforcement in longitudinal direction, savings would

be approximately double if including transverse reinforcement ***
Optimizing the Design by Customizing and Redesigning

Conventional Gr75 Reinforcement

Advanced
Structural
Analysis
ChrōmX Grade 100 and 120 Construction Savings
Optimizing the Designs Reinforce- Asrequired per Steel Percentage of
ment Type 10-ft Wide Reinforcement Steel
Shear Wall Section Weight in lb per Reinforcement
Tension Controlled Section foot square Savings of
Structure
Members Re-
designed with
Grade 100
1 Black Bar 515.6 1,754 -
Grade 75

2 ChromX 346.0 1,177 33%

Grade 100
3 ChromX 318.0 1,082 39%
Grade 120

*** Savings shown for reinforcement in

vertical direction ***
High-Strength Construction
Cost Savings Showcase
ASTM A1035 - ChrōmX 2100 Grade 100 Construction Savings
Based on Optimizing the Designs with the MMFX High-Strength

Substructure Mat Foundation

Steel Reinforcement Showcase
Steel Reinforcement of (Miami,
Steel FL)of
Reinforcement Added Cost / %
Construction Costs Structure Members Structure Members Re- (Savings) Change
Designed with Grade 75 designed with Grade 100

Rebar Tons (Mat Foundation) 2000 1350 (650) tons (33%)

Rebar Costs / ton $590 $840 $250 42%
Rebar Costs
$1,180,000 $1,134,000 ($46,000) (4%)

Fabrication Costs
$200,000 $135,000 ($65,000) (33%)
$100 / ton
Delivery to job site $25 / ton $50,000 $33,750 ($16,250) (33%)
Placement Cost $425 / ton $850,000 $573,750 ($276,250) (33%)
Total Steel Reinforcement
Costs $2,280,000 $1,876,500 ($403,500) (18%)
ASTM A1035 - ChrōmX 2100 Grade 100 Construction Savings
Based on Optimizing the Designs with the MMFX High-Strength

Superstructure Shear Wall Showcase (Miami, FL)

Steel Reinforcement Steel Reinforcement of Steel Reinforcement of Added Cost / %
Construction Costs Structure Members Structure Members Re- (Savings) Change
Designed with Grade 75 designed with Grade 100

Rebar Tons (Shear Wall) 1500 1000 (500) tons -33%

Rebar Costs / ton $590 $840 $250 42%
Rebar Costs
$885,000 $840,000 ($45,000) (5%)

Fabrication Costs
$150,000 $100,000 ($50,000) (33%)
$100 / ton
Delivery to job site $25 / ton $37,500 $25,000 ($12,500) (33%)
Placement Cost $425 / ton $637,500 $425,000 ($212,500) (33%)
Total Steel Reinforcement
$1,710,000 $1,390,000 ($320,000) (19%)
Costs
Construction Savings Showcase
The ASTM A1035 High-Strength ChrōmX 2100 Grade 100

 Optimizing tensioned controlled flexure members will help designers to maximize the
utilization of Grade 100 Steel Reinforcement Bars
 Rebar rearrangements will also help engineers to reduce the required steel
reinforcement
 Savings of innovative approach:

Steel Reinforcement Volume of Steel Volume of Steel Added Cost %

Construction Costs Reinforcement of Structure Reinforcement of Structure / (Savings) $ Change
Members Designed with Members Designed with
Grade 75 in tons Grade 100 in tons
Rebar - Substructure 2000 1350 ($403,500)
Rebar - Superstructure ($320,000)
1500 1000

Total 3500 2340 ($723,500) (19%)

High-Strength Applications
Escala Condominiums in Seattle, WA
31 floors Above Grade and 8 floors Below Grade
ASTM A1035
In Shear Walls 100 ksi
(Confinement)
High-Strength Application
USGC Petrochemical Project in Old Ocean, TX

Construction Material Savings of ASTM A1035 Grade 100 vs. Conventional Grade 60
Constructed 2014
SUMMARY OF
DESIGN COMPARISON
Mat Foundation Steel %
Reinforcement Bar Grade 60 Grade 100 Savings

#10 @
Mat Foundation #11 @ 6”c/c 10”c/c 45-50%
2-Way Top & 2-Way Top
106’ x 34’ x 4’ Bottom & Bottom

Columns 28 # 11 20 # 10 25-30%
3.5’ x 3.5’
Less Congestion
Less Injuries
World Class Structures and Buildings built with ChrōmX Steel Bar
Reinforced with MMFX Steel Bar

 Bridges, Highways & Roads  Concrete Pavements Dowels

 High Rise Condominiums  Marinas
 Low Rise Condominiums  Canals
 Seawalls  Dams and Spillways
 Architectural Precast  Residential Coastal Structures
 Drilled Shafts  Ferry Terminals
 Foundation slabs  Piers