Surface Preparation - QA Assessments (con’t)

• Extent/quality of feathering required

• Test the integrity of the coating that remains after
cleaning
 Moisture Content – QA Assessments
• Examine surface for unacceptable levels of moisture.
 Moisture Content – QA Assessments

• Sources include pre-existing moisture, moisture from pressure

washing, and external sources such as leaks and ground water
Moisture Content – QA Assessments (con’t)
• Moisture meters and plastic sheet tests
(ASTM standards; SSPC standard under development)
 Coating Material and Mixing –
QA Assessments
• Schedule QA inspection to
verify complete mixing
– Hand/mechanical/boxing
– Thinning (within VOC limits)
– Partial kits
– Pot life
• Confirm that the correct
coatings and colors are
applied – can be very
complicated when many
substrates involved
 Coating Application – QA Assessments

• Pay attention to limited

access areas and difficult
configurations
• Stripe coats on steel
Coating Application – QA Assessments(con’t)

• Back rolling and back

brushing
Coating Application – QA Assessments (con’t)

• Correct number of coats

applied
• Drying time between coats
• Cleanliness between costs
Coating Application – QA Assessments (con’t)

• Wet film thickness during application (ASTM

standard)
Coating Application – QA Assessments (con’t)

• Dry film thickness (non-destructive) – concrete and steel

(ASTM and SSPC standards)
Coating Application – QA Assessments (con’t)

• Dry film thickness

(destructive) –
concrete and steel
(ASTM standard)
Coating Application – QA Assessments (con’t)

• Pinholes and coverage

• (SSPC pinhole guide under
development)
• Weep Spouts
Coating Application – QA Assessments (con’t)

• Continuity/Air barrier (ASTM Standard)

Coating Application – QA Assessments (con’t)

• Continuity of Sealant
• Rilem Tube
 Surface Preparation Standards
Cleanliness
• SSPC-SP1 through SP16 (solvent, hand/power tool,
abrasive blast cleaning, waterjetting)
• SSPC-VIS1 through VIS 5 (hand/power tool, dry blast,
wet blast, waterjetting)

• SSPC-SP13/NACE No. 6, Surface Preparation of

Concrete
• ICRI Guideline No. 310.2 (formerly 03732), Selecting
and Specifying Concrete Surface Preparation for
Sealers, Coatings, and Polymer Overlays
 Surface Preparation Standards
Roughness
• ASTM D4417, Standard Test Methods for Field
Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel
• SSPC-PA17, Procedure for Determining Conformance
to Steel Profile/Surface Roughness/Peak Count
Requirements

• ICRI 310.2-9, Concrete Surface Profile (CSP) Coupons

 Surface Preparation Standards
Moisture and Containment
• ASTM D4263, Standard Test Method for Indicating
Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method

(Many ASTM standards are available for moisture

testing of floors using instruments, calcium chloride,
RH probes; SSPC is currently developing a guide for
testing moisture in walls)

• SSPC-Guide 6, Guide for Containing Surface

Preparation Debris Generated During Paint Removal
Operations
 Coating Thickness Standards
• ASTM D4414, Standard Practice for Measurement of
Wet Film Thickness by Notch Gages

• SSPC-PA2, Procedure for Determining Conformance to

Dry Coating Thickness Requirements
• ASTM D7091, Standard Practice for Nondestructive
Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic
Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic,
Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
Coating Thickness Standards (con’t)
• SSPC-PA9, Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness on
Cementitious Substrates
• ASTM D6132, Standard Test Method for
Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of
Applied Organic Coatings Using an Ultrasonic Coating
Thickness Gage

• ASTM D4138, Standard Practices for Measurement of

Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by
Destructive, Cross-Sectioning Means
 Coating Characteristics
• ASTM D4214 Standard Test Methods for Evaluation
Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films
• ASTM D3359, Standard Test Methods for Measuring
Adhesion by Tape Test
• ASTM D4541, Standard Test Method for Pull-Off
Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers
• ASTM E1186, Standard Practices for Air Leakage Site
Detection in Building Envelopes and Air Barrier
Systems
• (SSPC is currently developing pinhole standard and a
guide for laboratory testing of thin film coatings on
CMU to serve as air barriers)
 QA Assessment Checklist
Item Spot QA Inspection Results

1 Proper equipment on-site for access, surface preparation (pressure

washing, blasting, etc.), and paint application (brush, roll, spray)
2 Required materials on-site – e.g., stripper, abrasive, mortar, patching
material, backer rod, sealant, paint, etc.
3 Environmental controls on-site – containment materials, masking
materials, water filtration, etc.
4 Test patches performed to examine wall repairs, sealants, surface
cleanliness and roughness, paint coverage, and final appearance
5 Tuckpointing – compatible mortar used that matches strength, type,
and color of existing, and sealant not used in lieu of mortar
6 Block repair acceptable – cracks, block faces, block replacement per
specification; flush; mortar sound; excessive cracking referred to
structural engineer
7 Joint replacement acceptable – joint cleaning, existing coating
removed, closed cell backer rod, primer (if required) and sealant type
as specified
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 QA Assessment Checklist (con’t)
Item Spot QA Inspection Results

8 Ambient conditions acceptable – air temperature, surface temperature,

relative humidity, dew point, no rain, dew, or snow
9 Adhesion of the existing coating suitable for overcoating

10 Surface preparation for overcoating – chalk, grease, dust,

efflorescence, loose coating, bridged coating, de-glossing, etc.
11 Surface preparation for total coating removal – extent of paint
removal, texture/damage of substrate, etc.
12 Substrate moisture content acceptable –visually, instrumentation

13 Paint application – correct products, color, mixing, shelf life, pot life,
number of coats, proper thickness
14 Paint application methods acceptable – spraying, rolling, back-rolling,
brushing, back-brushing

22
 QA Assessment Checklist (con’t)
Item Spot QA Inspection Results

15 Paint coverage acceptable – pinholes, skips, misses, runs, curtains

sags, overspray, overlap, splotchy appearance, shadow through, air
leakage, etc.
16 Daily housekeeping acceptable

17 Final coverage and appearance acceptable, all specified items

completed, removed items are replaced, final clean up acceptable, etc.

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 More Information
• More information on the topics in this webinar can be found
in an article written by Ken Trimber and Kevin Brown –
KTA, published in Durability+Design magazine:

– Jan/Feb 2014 – Spot Assessments of Ongoing Cleaning

and Painting Projects

24
 Questions?

Ken Trimber – 412-788-1300, x204

(ktrimber@kta.com)