COGNITIVE

PERSPECTIVE

PSYCHOLOGY
OLD MAN OR TWO PEOPLE
LADY OR OLD WOMAN
BIRD OR LEAVES
HORSE OR LADY
OLD COUPLE OR YOUNG PEOPLE
WHAT Was your experience in figuring
out the picture?

WHAT Helped you perceived the interesting

pictures?

HOW Did you go about examining the

pictures?
 THEORY
Was the initial cognitive
Term gestalt
response to behaviorism. means:
Emphasized the importance of “Form” or
sensory wholes and the dynamic “Configuration”
nature of visual perception.
 GESTALT PSYCHOLOGISTS
Max Wertheimer Kurt Koffka
(1880 – 1943) (1887 – 1941)

Kurt Lewin
Wolfgang Köhler
(1890 – 1947)
(1887 - 1967 )
 Certain Factors Impact on
this perceptual process.
• Past experiences
• Needs
• Attitudes
• One’s Present situation
– can affect his perception.
PRINCIPLES
PRAGNANZ
Law of Proximity
Elements that are
closer together
will be
perceived as a
coherent
object.
Law of Similarity
Elements that
look similar will
be perceived as
part of the
same form.
Law of Closure

occurs when an
object is incomplete
or a space is not
completely enclosed.
Law of Good Continuation

occurs when the

eye is compelled to
move through one
object and
continue to
another object.
Law of Good Pragnanz

Reality is organized or reduced to the simplest

form possible.
Law of Figure/Ground
We pay attention
and perceive things
in the foreground
first.
 The important aspect of learning was
not reinforcement, but the
coordination of thinking to create
new organizations. Kohler referred to
this behavior as
insight or discovery learning.
Creative Gestalt Good
thought laws learning
 Arigato
Gozaimasu!