Documenti di Didattica
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Documenti di Cultura
• Application of
Scope AKARPILES in surfacial
slope stabilization
Concept of Types of Materials for Basic
AKARPILES Grouting grouting considerations
• Soil Nailing • Fill grouting suspensions of grouting
• Grouting • Jet grouting • Cement • Applied pressure
• Fracture grouting • Bentonite of grouting
• Compaction • Clay • Flow behavior of
grouting • Water grouting material
• Sand & fillers • Ageing behavior
of grouting
• Additives
material
• Strength of grout
Bentonite for AKARPILES
Sodium bentonite
absorbs more water than A small amount of cement
calcium bentonite and it is therefore introduced
expands to a volume 12- into the grout to reduce
15 times its original dry the expansive properties
size when fully saturated of bentonite
with water.
• SKW
Material • (Sand : Kaolin : Water = 8:2:1)
• Sodium bentonite powder
• Flowability test
Test • Cone Penetration Test (CPT)
• Vane Shear Test (VST)
Specification Design A Design B
3D view
Vane dimension:
12.7 x 12.7 mm
The plot of
spread 10
diameter
of grout
with 5
different
w/b ratio
0
2 4 6
Water/ bentonite ratio
Penetration Depth Ratio, Dr = D / D
Material: SKW-Grout
Pile A Pile B
Grout dispersion
Dg = 3cm;
Grout dispersion A = 38cm2
Dg = 4cm ; A = 53cm2
Introduction of cement into bentonite grout is able to reduce the
expandability of bentonite grout and increase the shear strength.
The bentonite: cement: water = 2:2:6 is the optimum mix ratio for grout in
AKARPILES.
The highest shear strength gained from the grout-SKW mixture in 3 days is
12.34 kPa. With high pressure (100 kPa) applied
Pile A has a larger grout dispersion radius and area compared with pile B.