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Computational
Fluid Dynamics
(with heat and mass
transfer)
MECH3950
Methods of
prediction
Experimental investigation:
full scale
expensive
and often impossible
measurement errors
Theoretical calculation:
analytical solutions
exist
only for a few cases
sometimes complex
numerical solutions
for almost any problem
Modeling vs.
experimentation
Advantages of modeling:
cheaper
more complete information
can handle any degree of
complexity as long as…
Disadvantages of modeling:
deals with a mathematical
description not with reality
mathematical description can
be inadequate
multiple solutions can exist
u j S
t x j x j x j
where :
j 1,2,3
1, ui , h, ms , k ,
Nature of
coordinates
x j , t x1 , x2 , x3 , t x, y, z, t
with respect to xj :
1D, 2D, 3D
with respect to t :
steady
unsteady
(transient, time dependent)
x
Example: steady
1D heat conduction
dqx
qx dx
qx dx
S
dq x
qx qx dx Sdx 0
dx
dq x
S 0
dx
d dT
k S 0
dx dx
Integration
d dT
k S 0
dx dx
dx)w dx)e
w e x
W P E
Dx
d dT
e
w dx k dx S dx 0
Discretization
dT dT
e
k k Sdx 0
dx e dx w w
T TE
Tp
Tw
w e
x
W P E
ke TE TP k w TP TW
S Dx 0
dx e dx w
Discretization
equation
ke TE TP k w TP TW
S Dx 0
dx e dx w
aPTP aETE aW TW b
aP aE aW
ke
aE
dx e conductances
kw
aW
dx w
b S Dx heat generation
Boundary
conditions
B i
I W P E
dx)i
S
qB i qi
B I
Dx
Boundary
conditions
qB qi S Dx 0
ki TB TI
qB SC S PTB Dx 0
dx i
dx)i
S
qB i qi
B I
Dx
Boundary
conditions
ifqB specified as a constant
then:
aBTB aI TI b
aB aI S P Dx
kI
aI
dx i
b SC Dx qB
Boundary
conditions
ifqB specified via a
heat transfer h coefficient
and the temperature of the
surrounding fluid Tf :
qB hT f TB
aBTB aI TI b
aB aI S P Dx h
kI
aI
dx i
b SC Dx hT f
Solution of the linear
algebraic equations
Possibilities
Iteration
Gaussian elimination
Tri-Diagonal-Matrix-Algorithm
TDMA
aPTP aETE aW TW b
W P E
1 i-1 i i+1 N
W P E
1 i-1 i i+1 N
i N 1 a N 1TN 1 bN 1TN c N 1TN 2 d N 1
i N a N TN cN TN 1 d N
W P E
1 i-1 i i+1 N
bi di ci Qi 1
Ti Ti 1
ai ci Pi 1 ai ci Pi 1
Ti PiTi 1 Qi
TDMA
W P E
1 i-1 i i+1 N
bi d i ci Qi 1
Pi Qi
ai ci Pi 1 ai ci Pi 1
a1T1 b1T2 d1 bN 0
P1 b1 a1 PN 0
Q1 d1 a1 TN QN
Ti PiTi 1 Qi
TDMA algorithm
Calculate:
P1=b1/a1 and Q1=d1/a1
Set TN =QN