STATIC INDETERMINACY

(DEGREE OF REDUNDANCY)
• DETERMINATE STRUCTURE

Number of unknown Number Of

Internal forces or
unknown Reactions = Equilibrium
Equations

• INDETERMINATE STRUCTURE

Number of unknown Number Of

Internal forces or
unknown Reactions > Equilibrium
Equations
• DETERMINATE STRUCTURE

Number of unknown Number Of

Internal forces or
unknown Reactions = Equilibrium
Equations

• INDETERMINATE STRUCTURE

Number of unknown Number Of

Internal forces or
unknown Reactions > Equilibrium
Equations
• DETERMINATE STRUCTURE

Number of unknown Number Of

Internal forces or
unknown Reactions = Equilibrium
Equations

• INDETERMINATE STRUCTURE

Number of unknown Number Of

Internal forces or
unknown Reactions > Equilibrium
Equations
Number of Unknown Internal forces or
unknown Reactions:

Its based on the support conditions of

the structure.

• Roller support
• Pinned or hinged support
• Fixed support
 3 unknowns
1 unknown

1 unknown

2 unknowns
 3 unknowns
1 unknown

1 unknown

2 unknowns
 3 unknowns
1 unknown

1 unknown

2 unknowns
 3 unknowns
1 unknown

1 unknown
2 unknowns
Equilibrium Equations:
Equilibrium Equations:
summation of all the forces in x direction is
equal to zero
Equilibrium equations:

summation of all the forces in y direction is

equal to zero
Equilibrium equations:

summation of all the moment at any point

is equal to zero
• By Static Indeterminacy(S.I) can find
weather the structure is stable or not.

S.I = 0
S.I > 0
S.I < 0
• By Static Indeterminacy(S.I) can find
weather the structure is stable or not.

S.I = 0, It means structure is stable

and determinate structure
S.I > 0
S.I < 0
• By Static Indeterminacy(S.I) can find
weather the structure is stable or not.

S.I = 0
S.I > 0, It means structure is stable
and Indeterminate structure
S.I < 0
• By Static Indeterminacy(S.I) can find
weather the structure is stable or not.

S.I = 0
S.I > 0
S.I < 0, It means structure is
Unstable
• General formula for finding the static
indeterminacy

Ds = Dse + Dsi
Ds = Total Static indeterminacy
Dse = External indeterminacy
Dsi = Internal indeterminacy
• General formula for finding the static
indeterminacy

Ds = Dse + Dsi

Ds = Total Static Indeterminacy

Dse = External indeterminacy
Dsi = Internal indeterminacy
• General formula for finding the static
indeterminacy

Ds = Dse + Dsi
Ds = Total Static indeterminacy
Dse = External indeterminacy
Dse = No. of unknown reactions – No. of Equilibrium Equations
( for all the beams, trusses and frames)

Dsi = Internal indeterminacy

• General formula for finding the static
indeterminacy

Ds = Dse + Dsi
Ds = Total Static indeterminacy
Dse = External indeterminacy
Dsi = Internal indeterminacy
Varies for beams, trusses and frames.
 Static Indeterminacy in beams
• External indeterminacy
Dse = No. of unknown reactions(r) – No. of Equilibrium Equations(s)

• Internal indeterminacy
There is no internal indeterminacy in beams. Because if
the external reaction are known we can find moment, shear
force in any section. And there is no closed roofs. So

Dsi = 0
No. of unknown reaction (r) =2+1 =3
No of equilibrium equation (s) =3
External indeterminacy (Dse) =3–3=0
Internal indeterminacy (Dsi) =0
Total indeterminacy (Ds) =0+0=0
Ds = 0, hence the beam is statically determinate.
 2 1

No. of unknown reaction (r) =2+1 =3

No of equilibrium equation (s) =3
External indeterminacy (Dse) =3–3=0
Internal indeterminacy (Dsi) =0
Total indeterminacy (Ds) =0+0=0
Ds = 0, hence the beam is statically determinate.
 2 1

No. of unknown reaction (r) =2+1 =3

No of equilibrium equation (s) =3
External indeterminacy (Dse) =3–3=0
Internal indeterminacy (Dsi) =0
Total indeterminacy (Ds) =0+0=0
Ds = 0, hence the beam is statically determinate.
r = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4, S = 3, Dse= 4 – 3 = 1, Dsi = 0, Ds = 1 + 0 = 1
Ds = 1, hence the beam is statically indeterminate of 1 degree.

r = 3 + 1 = 4, S = 3, Dse= 4 – 3 = 1, Dsi = 0, Ds = 1 + 0 = 1
Ds = 1, hence the beam is statically indeterminate of 1 degree.
 2 1 1

r = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4, S = 3, Dse= 4 – 3 = 1, Dsi = 0, Ds = 1 + 0 = 1
Ds = 1, hence the beam is statically indeterminate of 1 degree.

r = 3 + 1 = 4, S = 3, Dse= 4 – 3 = 1, Dsi = 0, Ds = 1 + 0 = 1
Ds = 1, hence the beam is statically indeterminate of 1 degree.
 2 1 1

r = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4, S = 3, Dse= 4 – 3 = 1, Dsi = 0, Ds = 1 + 0 = 1
Ds = 1, hence the beam is statically indeterminate of 1 degree.

r = 3 + 1 = 4, S = 3, Dse= 4 – 3 = 1, Dsi = 0, Ds = 1 + 0 = 1
Ds = 1, hence the beam is statically indeterminate of 1 degree.
 2 1 1

r = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4, S = 3, Dse= 4 – 3 = 1, Dsi = 0, Ds = 1 + 0 = 1
Ds = 1, hence the beam is statically indeterminate of 1 degree.
3 1

r = 3 + 1 = 4, S = 3, Dse= 4 – 3 = 1, Dsi = 0, Ds = 1 + 0 = 1
Ds = 1, hence the beam is statically indeterminate of 1 degree.
 2 1 1

r = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4, S = 3, Dse= 4 – 3 = 1, Dsi = 0, Ds = 1 + 0 = 1
Ds = 1, hence the beam is statically indeterminate of 1 degree.

3 1

r = 3 + 1 = 4, S = 3, Dse= 4 – 3 = 1, Dsi = 0, Ds = 1 + 0 = 1
Ds = 1, hence the beam is statically indeterminate of 1 degree.
 Static Indeterminacy in Frames
• External indeterminacy
Dse = No. of unknown reactions(r) – No. of Equilibrium Equations(s)

• Internal indeterminacy

Dsi = 3c

C - number of cuts required to open the rigid closed loops

 No. of unknown reaction (r) =2+1 =3
No of equilibrium equation (s) =3
External indeterminacy (Dse) =3–3=0
Internal indeterminacy (Dsi) =0
(THERE IS NO CLOSED
2 1 ROOFS)
Total indeterminacy (Ds) =0+0=0
Ds = 0, hence the beam is statically determinate

No. of unknown reaction (r) =2+2 =4

No of equilibrium equation (s) =3
External indeterminacy (Dse) =4–3=1
Internal indeterminacy (Dsi) =0
(THERE IS NO CLOSED
ROOFS)
2 2 Total indeterminacy (Ds) =1+0=1
Ds = 1, hence the beam is statically Indeterminate of 1
degree
 No. of unknown reaction (r) =3+2 =5
No of equilibrium equation (s) =3
External indeterminacy (Dse) =5–3=2
Internal indeterminacy (Dsi) = 3C = 3*2 = 6
(there are 2 closed
roofs)
Total indeterminacy (Ds) =2+6=8
2 Ds = 8, hence the beam is statically Indeterminate of 8
3 degree

No. of unknown reaction (r) = 3 + 3+2 = 8

No of equilibrium equation (s) =3
External indeterminacy (Dse) =8–3=5
Internal indeterminacy (Dsi) = 3C = 3*2 = 6
(there are 2 closed
roofs)
Total indeterminacy (Ds) = 5 + 6 = 11
Ds = 11, hence the beam is statically Indeterminate of
11 degree
3 3 2
 No. of unknown reaction (r) =3+2 =5
No of equilibrium equation (s) =3
1 2 External indeterminacy (Dse) =5–3=2
Internal indeterminacy (Dsi) = 3C = 3*2 = 6
(there are 2 closed
roofs)
Total indeterminacy (Ds) =2+6=8
2 Ds = 8, hence the beam is statically Indeterminate of
3 8 degree

No. of unknown reaction (r) = 3 + 3+2 = 8

1 2 No of equilibrium equation (s) =3
External indeterminacy (Dse) =8–3=5
Internal indeterminacy (Dsi) = 3C = 3*2 = 6
(there are 2 closed
roofs)
Total indeterminacy (Ds) = 5 + 6 = 11
Ds = 11, hence the beam is statically Indeterminate of
11 degree
3 3 2
 Static indeterminacy in trusses
• External indeterminacy
Dse = No. of unknown reactions – No. of Equilibrium Equations

• Internal indeterminacy

Dsi = m – (2j – 3)

m - number of members in truss

J – number of joints in truss
 2 1

No. of unknown reaction (r) =2+1 =3

No of equilibrium equation (s) =3
External indeterminacy (Dse) =r–s
=3–3=0

Number of members(m) =7
Number of joints(j) =5
Internal indeterminacy (Dsi) = m – (2j – 3)
= 7 – (2*5 – 3) = 0

Total indeterminacy (Ds) =0+0=0

Ds = 0, hence the beam is statically determinate.