DETECTION OF

STAPHYLOCOCCUS
AUREUS CAUSE OF
SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS
WITH CMT TEST
 INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is a large country with so many natural resources and the geographical condition is very favorable for
the growth of livestock such as dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep, equine and many more. There are about 80% of
the land area is a dry land which is has a strategic significance in an effort to expand food production area from
industrial standart (Akhadiarto, 1997).

Opportunities milk processing industry in

One of the livestock’s product is milk. Milk is
the main food for all ages. In addition, many
products can be made from milk such as
food, beverages, cheese, butter, yogurt, etc..
Indonesia is very good, considering that
Indonesia with a population based on census
2010 reached 237.6 million people. If viewed
from the supply side, current milk production in
Indonesia is still very low, the number of dairy
farmers around 118.75 thousand breeders

Mastitis is an inflammatory condition of the breast, which may or may not be accompanied by
infection. It is usually associated with lactation, so it is also called lactational mastitis or
puerperal mastitis. It can occasionally be fatal if inadequately treated. Breast abscess, a
localised collection of pus within the breast, is a severe complication of mastitis. These
conditions form a considerable burden of disease and involve substantial costs
 HELLO!

Staphylococcus aureus is an important bacterial

cause of contagious mastitis on dairy farms IN
worldwide.

More importantly, it is often at the root of chronically high somatic cell counts, recurrent
clinical mastitis, and damaged mammary gland tissue. It is considered to be a contagious udder
pathogen that spreads within and between cows during milking.
 1

UDDER

Udder is a skin gland that is covered by hair, except on its nipple

which appears as a rectangular sac. It located in the inguinal
area and are composed of four separate quartiles. The two front
quarts are usually 20% smaller than the rear quartz and the
quartiles are free of each other. Dairy cattle with high milk
production have large udders, their nipples lie on all four
corners, prominent veins.
 “
Mastitis is an internal udder inflammation
(Sudarwanto, 2009). The term of mastitis
comes from the word "mastos" which means
the udder gland and "itis" for inflammation
(Swartz, 2006). This disease can occur in all
types of mammals and can be caused by
various types of bacteria, fungi, algae or
mycoplasma (Anri, 2008).
⊡ The causes of mastitis are complex and so many varied, both clinic and sunclinic. Infectious
mastitis is caused by bacteria present in the environment in which the bacteria can infect the
mammary gland. Various types of bacteria have been identified as mastitis-causing agents such as
E.coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus streptic
bacteria and in certain circumstances also found Mycoplasma sp., Nocardia asteroids and Candida
sp.

⊡ Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae are the two main bacteria that responsible for
subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Indonesia
Mastitis can attack all mammals such as cattle, goats,
sheep, dogs, cats and others and become the most
adverse disease in dairy cattle or goat breeding
industries. Economic loss due to subclinical mastitis
can reach Rp 10,000,000 / head / year
Symptoms of acute clinical
mastitis can be seen or touched
by the senses including livestock,
not eating, there are signs of
erythrocy inflammation
(swelling, heat, redness, palpable
pain and changes in function)
and changes in milk normal,
clear, thick, lumpy, the color
turns yellow, brownish, greenish,
reddish or there are red spots).
Clinical symptoms of chronic mastitis
appear to be healthy, hard palpable,
wrinkled and peer nipples.
Subclinical mastitis is an
inflammation of the udder without
clinical symptoms found in udder and
breast milk. Livestock looks healthy,
regular appetite and normal body
temperature. But through further
examination will be obtained somatic
cell numbers increased, found germs
that cause disease, milk becomes
broken, fine granules or cob
Clinical mastitis can Somatic cells can be Indirectly somatic
be diagnosed by calculated using the cells can be
seeing inflammation Breed method by calculated based on
directly counting the
of the udder and number of somatic cells.
the intensity of the
nipple as well as the reaction, frequently
change in the color of used methods include
the milk produced. Aulendorfer Mastitis
Detection of Probe (AMP),
subclinical mastitis is California Mastitis
done by calculating Test (CMT), Milk
the number of Quality Test (MQT),
somatic cells in milk. Michinghan Mastitis
Test (MMT), Whitside
Test (WTS )
⊡Clinical and subclinical mastitis
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 STAPHYLOCOCCUC AUREUS

The most favorite body part of

The cell wall of S.
Staphylococci aureus is a tough
cattle by Staphylococcus are Gram-
aureus is udder. Bacteria in the protective coat, which
positive bacteria, is relatively amorphous
udder will spread to the skin,
hair, nipples, and cause lesions with diameters of in appearance, about
on the nipple which will cause 0.5 – 1.5 µm and 20- 40 nm thick
the mastitis. Mastitis caused by characterised by (Shockman and
S. aureus is the most important individual cocci, Barrett, 1983).
form of mastitis in dairy which divide in Underneath the cell
farming because these more than one wall is the cytoplasm
microorganisms are plane to form that is enclosed by the
everywhere like cowhide, grape-like
environment, rouge, equipment
cytoplasmic
clusters. membrane.
used, water and air.
 MATERIAL AND RESEARCH
Location and Time of
Research
The research was take place
from January 2018 to April
2018. Dairy cattle originated
from Kecamatan Taman,
Kabupaten Sidoarjo and to
detect Staphylococcus aureus
at Microbiology Laboratory,
Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Airlangga
University.
METHOD
Dairy cattle used in this research are 28 cattles
obtained by the formula of detection of the
presence of disease (Martin et al., 1986).
n= [1-(1-a) 1/D] [N-(D-1)/2]
Where: Samples
n= Sample size
a= Level of confidence
D= Prevalention assumtion
N= Number of population
with confidence level of 95%, 10% prevalence
assumption (Sugiri and Anri, 2010) and
population 557 cattles, then:
So,
n = [1 – (1- a)1/D] [N – (D – 1)/2] The cattle’s udder will be tested by
n = [1 – (1- 0,95)1/56] [557 – (56 – 1)/2] CMT and then the milk derived from
n = [1 – 0,948] [557 – 28] the udder indicating positive
n = 0,052 x 529 subclinical mastitis will be taken
n = 28 then be tested in the laboratory
 MASTITIS TEST

Subclinical mastitis is determined by conducting

CMT test. Positive results based on the scoring
system on CMT test. Dairy cattles diagnosed with
subclinical mastitis are cattles with at least 1
quartile showed positive results on CMT.
Determination of positive results of subclinical
mastitis was performed based on the degree of
viscosity when adding CMT reagent to milk. The
CMT test values consist of trace, positive 1 (+),
positive 2 (++) and positive 3 (+++).
 OUR PROCESS IS EASY

Milk used for The infection of

laboratory testing mastitis caused
is milk derived by
from cow quarts
Staphylococcus
that exhibit positive
aureus in dairy
CMT. Milk taken as
much as ± 20 ml cattles in
Testing for the presence of subclinical Kecamatan
and directly
mastitis is done by taking 2 ml of milk Taman,
accommodated in a
placed in the paddle test and reacted
sterile closed tube Kabupaten
with 2 ml CMT reagent, then the mixture
and has been Sidoarjo was
homogenized to form a circle for 10-15
labeled, then confirmed
seconds. The reading of the reaction is
stored in a thermos through the
about 20 seconds in a bright spot.
of ice, and
identification of
temperature is
bacteria in milk
stable at 5-10 ° C to
avoid bacterial through
proliferation until it laboratory testing
reaches the and analyzed
laboratory descriptively
Thank you!