Air pollution

Jeffrey Marvin Villasis

Leandro Joaquin Cartera
Elisha Mark Gicana
What is air pollution?

AIR POLLUTION is the introduction of harmful substances in the

Earth’s atmosphere. It composes of chemicals and particles that post
serious health and environmental threats.
“Indoor air pollution and poor urban air quality are listed as two of the world's worst toxic pollution problems in the 2008”
(Blacksmith Institute World's Worst Polluted Places report)

“Air pollution in 2012 caused the deaths of around 7 million people worldwide” (2014 World Health Organization report)
What is an Air Pollutant?

An AIR POLLUTANT is a substance in the air that can have adverse

effects on humans and the ecosystem. The substance can be solid
particles, liquid droplets, or gases.

CLASSIFICATION:

 PRIMARY POLLUTANTS
 SECONDARY POLLUTANTS
Primary Pollutants
Primary pollutants are usually produced from a process, such as ash from a volcanic eruption.

Example:
Carbon monoxide
Sulfur dioxide
Secondary Pollutants
Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather, they form in the air
when primary pollutants react or interact.

Example:
As coals are burned, smoke and sulfur dioxide mix. Smog is a resulting factor.
 SOURCES

ANTHROPOGENIC
NATURAL
ANTHROPOGENIC

smoke stacks of fossil fuel power stations,

Stationary sources include
manufacturing facilities (factories) and waste incinerators, as well
as furnaces and other types of fuel-burning heating devices. In
developing and poor countries, traditional biomass burning is the major source of air
pollutants; traditional biomass includes wood, crop waste and dung.
Mobile sources include motor vehicles , marine vessels, and aircraft.
Controlled burning practices in agriculture and forest management
Controlled or prescribed burning is a technique sometimes used in forest management, farming, prairie
restoration or greenhouse gas abatement. Fire is a natural part of both forest and grassland ecology and
controlled fire can be a tool for foresters. Controlled burning stimulates the germination of some desirable
forest trees, thus renewing the forest.
Fumes from paint, varnish, hair spray, aerosol spray and other solvents
Waste deposition in
landfills, which
generate methane.
Methane is highly
flammable and may
form explosive mixtures
with air. Methane is also
an asphyxiant and may
displace oxygen in an
enclosed space.
Military resources,
such as nuclear
weapons, toxic
gases, germ
warfare and
rocketry.
NATURAL SOURCES

Dust from natural sources, usually large areas of land with little or no vegetation
Digestion of food by animals where Methane is emitted

Radon gas from radioactive decay within the Earth's crust

Radon is a colorless, odorless, naturally occurring, radioactive noble gas that is
formed from the decay of radium. It is considered to be a health hazard.
Radon gas from natural sources can accumulate in buildings, especially in
confined areas such as the basement and it is the second most frequent cause
of lung cancer, after cigarette smoking.
Wildfires which emits smoke and Carbon Dioxide.
Vegetation, in some regions, emits environmentally significant amounts of
Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) on warmer days. These VOCs react with
primary anthropogenic pollutants—specifically, NOx, SO2, and anthropogenic
organic carbon compounds — to produce a seasonal haze of secondary
pollutants. Black gum, poplar, oak and willow are some examples of vegetation
that can produce abundant VOCs. The VOC production from these species result
in ozone levels up to eight times higher than the low-impact tree species.
Volcanic activity
produces
sulfur, chlorine,
and
ash particulates
EFFECTS
HUMAN HEALTH EFFECT

Air pollution is a significant risk factor for a number of pollution-related diseases and health conditions including respiratory
infections, heart disease, stroke and lung cancer. The health effects caused by air pollution may include difficulty in breathing,
wheezing, coughing, asthma and worsening of existing respiratory and cardiac conditions.
 AGRICULTURAL EFFECTS

Air pollution by black carbon and ground level ozone had cut crop yields in the most affected areas
ECONOMIC EFFECTS

Air pollution costs the world economy $5 trillion per year as a result of
productivity losses and degraded quality of life. These productivity
losses are caused by deaths due to diseases caused by air pollution.
One out of ten deaths in 2013 was caused by diseases associated with
air pollution and the problem is getting worse. The problem is even
more acute in the developing world.
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

Air Pollution affects the environment by loosing

the quality of air which is a necessary need for
living especially for trees, bushes and Living
creatures that relies mostly by fresh air.
MINIMIZATION OF AIR POLLUTION

Power generation from nuclear and renewable energy

• Electric power generation from burning fossil fuels can be replaced by Nuclear power
and other renewable energy sources such as wind mills and hydroelectric.
Electric Driven Vehicles
Motor vehicles driven by fossil fuels, a key factor in urban air pollution, can be
replaced by electric vehicles. Though lithium supply and cost is a limitation,
there are alternatives. Herding more people into clean public transit such as
electric trains can also help.
Avoid burning of garbages

Burning of Garbages can cause

emission of smoke and Carbon
Dioxide and other chemicals
depends on the material of the
garbage.
Implementing of Laws, Standards, and Practices which
can help in minimizing the air pollution, a guide for
companies and individuals of their limitations of how
much waste are they going to emit through the air.
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Republic Act No. 8749, otherwise known as the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999, provides the policy framework for the
country’s air quality management program. It seeks to uphold the right of every Filipino to breathe clean air by addressing
air pollution from mobile and stationary sources.

The law adheres to the Constitutional right of people to “a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and
harmony of nature.” It also believes in the principle that “polluters must pay,” because a clean and healthy environment is
for the good of all and should, therefore be the concern of all.

RA 8749 focuses primarily on pollution prevention rather than control by encouraging cooperation and self-regulation
among citizens and industries. It also enforces a system of accountability for adverse environmental impacts to heighten
compliance to government environmental regulations.

Some of the programs or activities implemented to achieve this objective are: Linis/Ligtas Hangin Program with the Bantay
Tambutso, Bantay Tsimnea and Bantay Sunog; industrial enforcement program for stationary sources; designation of
attainment and non-attainment area sources; promotion of clean fuel; and strong collaboration between government and
stakeholders on measures to address pollution.
RA8749 assigns the DENR, through its Environmental Management Bureau (EMB), as the lead agency in the overall
implementation of the law’s provisions, but mandates the following government agencies to support the Act:

 Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC)

 Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
 Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
 Department of Energy (DOE)
 Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
 Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) and the Local Government Units (LGUs)
 Philippine Information Agency (PIA)
 Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAG-ASA)
 Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)
THANK YOU