Regulated power supply

Contents
 Introduction
 Stages of power supply
 Block diagram
 Parts and their working
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 References
Introduction
 Power supply is a device or system that supplies
electrical or other types of energy to an output load.
 Electronic devices
 Requireelectrical power to operate, they get this power
from power supplies.
 Typical Power supply outputs are
 Alternating Current
 Direct Current
Types of Power Supplies
Two basic types of Power Supplies are:

 Linear Power Supply [1]

 Switching Power Supply [2]
Stages of Power Conversion
There are three general stages that takes place in power
supplies.
 Stages
 Stepping down voltage (Transformer)
 AC to DC Converter with Filter

 Regulator with output filter

Block Diagram of Power Supply

Block diagram of power supply

Parts and their working
 Transformer
 Either ‘step down’ or ‘step up’ AC voltage.
 Consist of two coils: a ‘primary coil’

and a ‘secondary coil’ .

 The number of turns on each coil determines the ratio of
input,output voltages.
 The relation between the turns ratio and input/output
voltages and currents is as follows
Turns ratio
 Continued . . .

 Rectifiers
 A rectifier is a semiconductor device,
such as a diode, that converts AC to DC.
 A single diode rectifier will block the

negative portion of the AC waveform.

 We have two other types of

full wave rectifiers.

 Bridge full wave rectifier

 Center-tapped full wave rectifier

 Continued . . .

 filters
 Capacitors are used for storing the charges.
 When input voltage increases it stores charge and while
voltage is decreasing it starts discharging.
 Ripple voltage[3] is the variation in the capacitor voltage due
to charging and discharging of capacitor.
 Continued . . .

 Voltage Regulators
 Voltage regulators keeps the output voltage constant
irrespective of the change in input voltage.
 There are two types of voltage regulators:

 Fixed linear voltage regulators

 Adjustable linear voltage regulators
Advantages

 Low ripple and noise in output

 Good load regulation

 Respond very quickly to changes in the load

 Good line regulation

 Fairly simple design

Disadvantages

 Not very efficient - about 50% efficiency

 Are usually large and bulky
References

 [1] Electronic Instrument design, Kim R.Frowler, 1996

 [2] Electronics and Instrumentation for Scientists,
Malmstadt, Enke and Crouch, Chapter 3, pg. 68
 [3] Electronic Devices, Thomas L.Floyd
 [4] www.scienceprog.com/voltage regulators
Questions?