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MODEL
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STANDARD DEVIATION & THE NORMAL
MODEL
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STANDARD DEVIATION & THE NORMAL
MODEL
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Formula
• Standardizing normal
variables:
• Formula:
Y
Z
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68-95-99.7 Rule
• http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/normal_dist
ribution.html
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Example
Some IQ tests are standardized to a Normal model with a mean of 100
and a standard deviation of 16.
g) About what percent of people should have IQ scores between 95 and 130?
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Answers to the Example
Some IQ tests are standardized to a Normal model with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 16.
b) 16%
c) 13.5%
d) 2.5%
h) A person is a genius if his/her IQ belong to the top 10% of the all IQ scores. What
minimum IQ score qualifies you to be a genius?
The top 10% corresponds to the 90th percentile. For the standard normal the 90th
percentile is 1.28. Hnece solve 1.28 = (Y-100)/16. The value of Y is 120.48.
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Example
• Answer: 1471.2
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Using the TI-83 to Find a Normal Percentage
Always draw a
• The TI-83 provides a function named normalcdf picture!
– Press 2nd, DISTR (found above VARS)
– Scroll to normalcdf ( and press ENTER, or press 2.
• If z has a standard normal distribution:
– Percent(a < z < b) = normalcdf ( a , b )
– Example: to find P( -1.2 < z < .8 ), ?
press 2nd, DISTR, 2, then -1.2 , .8 )
– Note that the comma between -1.2 and .8 must be
entered -1.2 .8
– Read .6731
• To find Percent( z < a ), enter normalcdf ( -5 , a )
– Example: normalcdf( -5 , 1.96 ) gives .9750
?
-1.645 10
Using the TI-83/84 for Normal Percentages
Without Computing z-Scores
We can let the TI find its own z-scores:
– Find Percent(90 < x < 105) if x follows the normal model with mean 100
and standard deviation 15:
• Percent(90 < x < 105) = normalcdf( 90 , 105 , 100 , 15)
= .378
Notice that this is a time-saver for this type of problem, but that you may still
need to be able to compute z-scores for other types of problems!
x1 x2
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Suppose We’re Given a normal
Percentage and Need A z-score?
• IQ scores are distributed normally with a
mean of 100 and a standard deviation of
15. What score do you need to capture
the bottom 2%?
– That is, we must find a so that Percent(x < a) = 2%
when x has a normal distribution with a mean of 100
and a standard deviation of 15.
– With the TI 83/84:
a = invNorm( .02, 100 , 15) = 69.2
x
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