Quantitative Imaging

Parameters
Quantitative Imaging Parameters
• Histogram
• Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR)
• Mean Squared Error (MSE)
• Structural Similiarity Index (SSIM)
Histogram
• Histogram dari gambar digital ialah distribusi (frekuensi) dari nilai
diskrit tingkat intensitas di range [0, L-1].
Contoh:
• Gambar (kiri) memiliki 256 tingkat gray yang berbeda (8 bits)
• Histogram (kanan) menggambarkan frekuensi dari tiap tingkat gray
yang terjadi.
Histogram
Histogram

• contoh : L=16, 10 pixel yang memiliki nilai intensitas = 2

• Histogram -> Hanya informasi statistik ( No Lokasi pixel)
Histogram

• Gambar yang berbeda dapat memiliki histogram sama

• Histogram sama = statistik sama, distribusi dari intensitas belum tentu
sama
• Bisakah rekonstruksi gambar dari histogram? Tidak.
Histogram

• ex: 8- bit grayscale image, k=28 = 256

• Tiap nilai entri histogram dinyatakan dengan :
• h(i)= jumlah pixel dengan intensitas I untuk seluruh 0<i<K.
• ex: h(255) = jumlah pixel dengan intensitas = 255
• definisi:
Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR)
 expression for the ratio between the maximum possible value
(power) of a signal and the power of distorting noise that affects the
quality of its representation. the PSNR is usually expressed in terms
of the logarithmic decibel scale.

Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR)

 f represents the matrix data of our original image

 g represents the matrix data of our degraded image in question
 m represents the numbers of rows of pixels of the images and i represents the index of that row
 n represents the number of columns of pixels of the image and j represents the index of that column
 MAXf is the maximum signal value that exists in our original “known to be good” image
Mean Squared Error (MSE)
 Used to compare the “true” pixel values of our original image to our
degraded image. The MSE represents the average of the squares of
the "errors" between our actual image and our noisy image. The
error is the amount by which the values of the original image differ
from the degraded image.
Mean Squared Error (MSE)

 f represents the matrix data of our original image

 g represents the matrix data of our degraded image in question
 m represents the numbers of rows of pixels of the images and i represents the index of that row
 n represents the number of columns of pixels of the image and j represents the index of that column
 MAXf is the maximum signal value that exists in our original “known to be good” image
Structural Similiarity Index (SSIM)
 The structural similarity (SSIM) index measures the similarity between
two images in a manner that is more consistent with human perception
than traditional techniques like mean square error (MSE). For example,
blurred images are perceived as bad quality by the human eye, and this is
consistent with results from the SSIM metric, unlike the MSE method,
which claims a blurred image is similar to its focused original.
 Because of its correlation to human perception, SSIM has become an
accepted part of image quality and video analysis practices for analyzing
compressed video data.
Structural Similiarity Index (SSIM)