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Urine Production
Don’t Sweat the Numbers Game –
Think Form and Function!
Water Balance
& Kidney Disorders
Importance of Water…
• Average adult loses 2 L of water per day
• As water is consumed…
– ↓ blood’s osmotic pressure
– Water moves back into the body cells and the
hypothalamic osmoreceptors
– Osmoreceptors swell and “deactivate”
– Less ADH released and less water is reabsorbed
Lose electrolytes after
you are exercising. If
serious blood loss the
blood pressure drops and
you lose Na.
• Renin-Angiotensin
aldosterone
system(RAAS)
(RAAS)
– This system is stimulated
by changes detected by a
specific region of the
nephron called the:
(JGA)
RAAS Continued
Stimulus: Drop in FILTERATION PRESSURE at the
glomerulus (decrease blood volume in afferent
arterioles – contributing factors?)
At the Lungs:
Angiotensin I Angiotensin II
Role of Angiotensin II
Angiotensin II
IF WE INCREASE
OUR BLOOD
VOLUME THEN IT
ALLOWS US TO
Adrenal Cortex
ABSORB MORE
Systemic Arterioles
WATER
CNS
Stimulation
of Thirst
Secrete Centres Vasoconstriction
ALDOSTERONE
The RESULT…Increase Blood
Pressure
More water = more volume
ALDOSTERONE: secretion causes kidney tubules to
reabsorb Na+ = Water follows (OSMOSIS!) =
Increased blood volume and pressure
• Types:
1. Hemodialysis - Blood purified OUTSIDE body with
machine (81% of Canadian dialysis patients)
2. Peritodialysis - Blood purified INSIDE body in
peritoneum
Hemodialysis
This form of dialysis
removes waste
products from the
blood by passing it
out of the body,
through a filtering
system (dialyser)
and returning it,
cleaned, to the
body.
Peritoneal Dialysis
With this method, instead
of being cleaned by an
artificial membrane
outside the body, the
blood is cleaned inside the
body, through the
Peritoneum. This is the
thin membrane that
surrounds the outside of
the organs in the
abdomen.
Kidney Transplants
• Kidney transplants take a person off
dialysis, and have a success rate around
85%
• Involves placing a new kidney and
ureter in the lower abdomen near the
groin
• They are surgically attached to the
blood vessels and bladder
• Sometimes, the kidney recipient’s
immune system sets out to destroy the
donated kidney
– Immunosuppressive drugs help stop
this