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1. Suspended 2. Dissolved
1. Suspended Impurities:
Silts turbidity
2. Dissolved Impurities:
(a) Salts:
Fe, Ca, Mg cause hardness
SO4 laxative effects
Fe, Mn colour, hardness, taste
Fluoride dental Fluorosis if > 0.5 mg / l
(Fluorosis = mottling of teeth)
Lead Neurological disorders, stomach upsets
(b) Gases:
Oxygen corrosiveness to metals
CO2 provide acidity
H 2S odour
Potable Water: Water which is safe to drink, pleasant to taste and usable
for domestic purposes is called potable water.
Whereas, contaminated / polluted water is one which contain
pathogenic micro-organism, chemicals, sewage, industrial or other
wastes.
1. Microbiological Quality:
It is the most sensitive parameter for drinking water.
Bacterial quality is indicated by INDICATORS i.e. COIFORM
and E-Coli. Both these bacteria live in human intestine and are
excreted with human faeces in large numbers.
E-Coli 5 million to 500 million/gm of faeces
Coliform 25,000 to 500,000/ml of sewage
NOTE: Coliform and E-Coli itself are not disease causing.
Metals and
Total dissolved solids Helminth
nonmetals
Color
PHYSICAL PARAMETERS
Optical property
TDS(mg/l)
Brackish water 1000-5000
Saline water 5000-30000
Seawater 30000-35000
Rivers & lakes <200
Irrigation water 1500
EPA DW supply 500
Conductivity
Measure of electrolyte content / TDS
Units: μsiemens/cm or μmho/cm
sample [H3O]+ pH
sample [H3O]+ pH
Total hardness=3.96g/l
PROBLEM 2
Calculate the temporary hardness and total
hardness of water in mg/l
As Heavy metals
-Skeletal flurosis
Remedy – 1) Deflouridation
2) Mixing Fluoride free water
3) Intake of vitamin C,D, calcium
MICROORGANISMS
Virus:obligate parasites, 0.01 and 0.03 μm