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India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan, was India's first interplanetary mission. It was designed to orbit Mars and study its atmosphere and surface. MOM made India the first nation to reach Mars on its first attempt and the first Asian nation to do so. The mission was a technical demonstrator and achieved its objectives of developing technologies for designing, planning, and operating an interplanetary mission on a very low budget of $74 million, making it the least expensive Mars mission to date.
India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan, was India's first interplanetary mission. It was designed to orbit Mars and study its atmosphere and surface. MOM made India the first nation to reach Mars on its first attempt and the first Asian nation to do so. The mission was a technical demonstrator and achieved its objectives of developing technologies for designing, planning, and operating an interplanetary mission on a very low budget of $74 million, making it the least expensive Mars mission to date.
India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan, was India's first interplanetary mission. It was designed to orbit Mars and study its atmosphere and surface. MOM made India the first nation to reach Mars on its first attempt and the first Asian nation to do so. The mission was a technical demonstrator and achieved its objectives of developing technologies for designing, planning, and operating an interplanetary mission on a very low budget of $74 million, making it the least expensive Mars mission to date.
MANGALYAAN • Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) a.k.a Mangalyaan is a space probe studying Martian atmosphere. • It’ s India’s first interplanetary mission. • ISRO became the 4th space agency to reach Mars, after Soviet space program, NASA and European Space Agency. • India became the 1st Asian nation to reach mars and the 1st to do so in its maiden attempt. • MOM is designed to look for methane (a possible indicator of life), Deuterium-Hydrogen ratio and other constants. MISSION OBJECTIVES • To develop the technologies required for design, planning, management and operations of an interplanetary mission • Deep space communication, navigation, mission planning and management • Incorporate autonomous features to handle contingency situations • Exploration of Mars surface features, morphology, mineralogy and Martian atmosphere by indigenous scientific instruments PROJECT TRIANGLE • SCOPE: MOM is a ‘Technical Demonstrator’ to attract space projects from other countries leading to more employment to local talents. • TIME: Build duration was a record 15 months, the designed mission duration was 6 months but has surpassed its limits and is still going strong. • COST: World’s cheapest Mars mission with a cost of 450 cr ($74 mn) which is cheaper than the cost of Hollywood movie gravity and is a ride cheaper than auto rickshaw with ₹7 a km! PROJECT INITIATION AND PLANNING • 23 Nov 08 public announcement of MOM was made by Madhavan Nair (former Isro chairman). • 2010 concept began with a feasibility study by Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology after Chandrayaan’s success. • 3 Aug 12 govt. approved the project with a budget approximation of ₹454 crore • Launch was planned on 28 Oct 13 but was later postponed 5 Nov due to technical difficulties. PROJECT INITIATION AND PLANNING • Hohmann transfer orbit set a deadline to launch MOM between oct and nov 13, with next window in 2016. • Domestic industries were chosen to meet the deadline with TOT. • All on-board instruments where planned to be manufactured indigenously from centres at Ahmedabad, Bangalore and Trivandrum. • To achieve in its first attempt and to gain world recognition was one of its objectives. EXECUTION • PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP enabled the build phase to be completed in 10 months and is also a reason for low mission cost. • A total of 130 firms were involved with 48 of them in development of spacecraft and the rest in launch vehicle development. • Non – readiness of the larger GSLV forced ISRO to light lift, low cost liquid engine powered PSLV. HAL delivers MOM’s basic structure to ISRO • 5 Nov 13 probe was successfully launched and put into Earth’s orbit. MISSION PHASES: • Geocentric Phase: Orbit raising manoeuvres to attain enough momentum to inject the probe into Hohmann transfer orbit. • Heliocentric Phase: Tangential departure from earth’s gravity and a trajectory is set to enter Martian orbit • Martian Phase: Looping around mars in a hyperbolic orbit and collecting intended intel. 24 Sept 14 orbit insertion successful. DIFFICULTIES FACED • Launch delay : Ships carrying telemetry antenna couldn’t reach the location on time due to bad weather over pacific ocean. • Deciding between cryogenic GSLV and solid propelled PSLV. • Communication Black out: Development of on board autonomy. • Radiation: Design inculcated measures to protect on board systems. • Firing the engine after 300 days. (More than 2000 simulations conducted on earth). • Criticism. • Underperformance of engine during 4th orbit raising manoeuvre, fuel constraints. • Navigation: Star mapping, ancient explorers and sailors. ANY QUESTIONS?