Transformer Current & Voltage

Practice
Wye connected windings:
Have a common connection point
Have two voltages available “L-L & L-N”
Has only one current
Line current
Delta connected windings:
Have no common connection point
Have only one voltage available “L-L”
Delta can be closed “connected” in more than one way
Has two currents
Line current
Phase or winding current
 Definitions
• Delta: Phase voltage is line voltage but phase
current is not line current.
– Line current ÷ √3= phase current
– Line voltage = Phase voltage
• Wye: Phase voltage is not line voltage but
phase current is line current.
– Line voltage ÷ √3= phase voltage
– Line current = phase current
HS Line 230 kV
LS Line 23 kV
Transformer 3 Ø 230/13280/23000 Gnd. Wye
25 MVA
230 kV
A B C

H1 H2 H3

W1
W2 W3

W4 W5
W6

X1 X2 X3

23 kV
a b c
HS Line 115 kV
LS Line 12 kV
Transformer:
3 3 Ø 115/12000/6928 Gnd. Wye 40MVA

Voltage on HS 115 kV. Only

one voltage because it is
delta 201

A B C
H1 H2 H3

Voltage on LS 12,000 & 6,928

because it is wye connected
116 W2 W
3
16.6/1

W
W
5
Transformer N 6
Ratio 16.6/1 X1 X2 X3

1925
a b c
LS Line 23 kV
Transformer
? MVA

A B C
H1 H2 H3

W2 W3

W5
W6
N
X1 X2 X3

1255
a b c
Typical GSU Transformer
Connection System
A
B C

H1 H2 H3

W6
W5 W4

W3 W2
W1

X1 X2 X3

a b c

Generator
 Transformer Solutions
• Information: 230/23kV 25 MVA transformer
230 kV
• What is the voltage A-B, B-C, C-A ?
23 kV
• What is the voltage a-b, b-c, c-a?

• What is the voltage a-n, b-n, c-n? 13,280 kV

• What is the voltage across W1, W2, W3? 230 kV

• What is the voltage across W4, W5, W6? 13,280 kV

• What is the current in line A, B, C ? 25 MVA / 230 kV / √3 = 62.76 amps

25 MVA / 3 = 8.33 MVA /230 kV = 36.3 amps

• What is the current in W1, W2, W3?

• What is the current in W4, W5, W6? 25 MVA / 23 kV / √3 = 627.56 amps

 Transformer Solutions
• Information: Δ-Υ 230/23kV 25 MVA transformer
230 kV (Given)
• What is the voltage on High voltage line?
23 kV (Given)
• What is the voltage on low voltage line?

• What is the voltage on low voltage phase? 13,280 kV ( V 𝐿 − 𝐿 ÷ √3)

• What is the voltage across W1, W2, W3? 230 kV (Same as the line for Δ winding)

• What is the voltage across W4, W5, W6? 13,280 kV ( L-N voltage)

• What is the current in line A, B, C ? 25 𝑀𝑉𝐴 ÷ 230,000 ÷ 3 = 62.75

25 𝑀𝑉𝐴 ÷ 230,000 ÷ √3 ÷ √3 = 36.23

• What is the current in W1, W2, W3?

• What is the current in W4, W5, W6? 25 MVA / 23 kV / √3 = 627.56 amps

 Transformer Solutions
• What is the current in line a, b, c? Same as winding W4, W5, W6= 627.556 amps

• On the delta side of the transformer The line current ÷ √3 = Winding Current ;
62.76 ÷ √3 = 36.23

Calculating three phase transformer MVA

Voltage X Current X three windings
230,000 X 36.3 amps = 8,349,000 x 3 (windings)= 25,047,000 = 25 MVA
13,280 X 627.57 amps = 8,334,129 X 3 (windings)= 25,002, 388 = 25MVA
 Transformer Ratio
3 Phase 230/23 kV 25 MVA
Transformer is 230/ 23 kV
Ratio is NOT this ration but is the ration of the voltages
across the windings.
W1 230 kV, W4 13,280 Ratio is 230,000 / 13,280 = 17.32/1

A B C
H1 H2 H3

W1 W2 W3

W4 W5 W6
N
Note: X1 X2 X3
W4 current/ W1 current = 627.56/36.3 = 17.3
627.56 amps X 13,280 volts = 8.3 MVA a b c
36.3 amps X 230,000 volts = 8.3 MVA
8.3 MVA X 3 (windings) =25 MVA
 How Are They
Connected?

H H H H
primary H H
primary primary

secondary
secondary secondary
H H H H H H
 A B C

H1 H2 H3

W1
W2 W3

W4 W5
W6

X1 X2 X3

a b c
 Both transformers are Δ-Υ but A B C
notice the Δ windings are not H1 H2 H3
closed the same

W W W
1 2 3

W W
W
4 5
N 6
X1 X2 X3

A B C a b c
H1 H2 H3

W W W
1 2 3

W W
W
4 5
N 6

X1 X2 X3

a b c
Single Phase Transformer information:
HV 115 kV
LV 7200 V
Capacity 16,670 KVA

primary
Primary amps
16,670,000 ÷ 115,000 = 145 amps

Secondary amps
16,670,000 ÷ 7,200 = 2315 amps secondary

Turns Ratio Calculating single phase transformer MVA

115,000 ÷7200 = 15.97/1 Voltage X Current
115,000 X 145 amps = 16,675,000= 16.67MVA
7,200 X 2315 amps = 16,668,000 = 16.67 MVA
Current ratio Check
2315÷145 = 15.97/1
 Transformer Information For Practice
Calculations
• 3Ø, Δ-Υ 115/12 kV 25MVA
• 3Ø, Δ-Υ 115/23 kV 40 MVA
• 3Ø, Δ- Δ 23/ 13.8 kV 5 MVA
• 3Ø Υ- Υ 4160/ 2400 5 MVA
• 3Ø, Δ- Δ 115/ 13.8 kV 10 MVA
• 1Ø Υ- Δ 230/22 kV 350 MVA
Delta and Wye 3-phase circuits : Electronics Worksheet