Documenti di Didattica
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FPP
– Establishing equivalence of performance with Innovator FPP
• Dissolution testing
– Developing a dissolution method with discriminatory potential for changes in
formulation
Establishing discriminatory testing conditions and acceptance criteria
100 100
100 100
Dissolution (%)
Dissolution (%)
Dissolution (%)
80 80
Dissolution (%)
80 80
60 Ethambutol HCl 60 60
60
Isoniazid
40 40 40 40
0 0 0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Withdrawal time in minutes Withdrawal time in minutes Withdrawal time in minutes Withdrawal time in minutes
Source: T.G. Dekker, E. Swanepool, A-M. Redelinghuys & E.C. van Tonder – unpublished
(Dissolution of Ethambutol-HCl and Isoniazid FDC)
Specification
– List of tests (test parameters) & reference to analytical procedures &
appropriate acceptance criteria
Phar mace
Proc ess ut ic
Val al
In proces ida Qu
e
D velopm s ti a
ent o li
Design n ty
rols P
cont M
G
PQIF
– Not suitable for evaluation of biological APIs
General concepts
Periodic testing / skip testing
– Pre-selected batches / predetermined intervals
• Justification / less than full schedule testing / post approval
In-process tests
– Conducted during manufacturing process / acceptance criteria
Exclusion of tests
– Supported by development data
• Extractables / particle size / dissolution >> disintegration
Pharmacopoeial standards
– If appropriate, pharmacopoeial test procedures and acceptance
criteria should be used
– Alternative test procedures (and acceptance criteria) may be
used if comparability to or superiority to the pharmacopoeial
procedure is demonstrated
– If pharmacopoeial finished product standards are used
compliance to each test parameter/procedure/acceptance
criteria is understood
Identification
– Identity of API (discriminatory)
Assay
– Specific, stability-indicating
Purity
– Degradation products (single un-identified and identified; total)
– Residual solvents
The actual amount of drug liberated from the dose form into an
aqueous reservoir in vitro is intended to reflect the in-vivo
behaviour of the product
Preliminary considerations
Physical parameters of APIs demonstrated to be variable
and critical for the quality of the product need to be
controlled
– Additional physical tests beyond scope of a monograph
• Water content (crystal properties/particle size/stability)
• Particle size (bioavailability/content uniformity/solubility/stability)
• Crystal properties and polymorphism (solubility / bioavailability / stability)
Expectations
– discriminating sufficiently rugged
– Reproducible for day-to-day operation
– Capable to be transferred between laboratories
– Acceptance criteria representative of multiple batches
• Same composition, same manufacturing procedure including key
batches (clinical studies/stability studies)
Discrimination (balance)
Distinguishing significant changes in a composition or a manufacturing
process – likely to affect bioavailability
Distinguishing between batches - without significant difference observed in
vivo
Reflect relevant changes in drug product over time (by temperature /
humidity / photosensitivity and other stresses)
Discrimination between
different concentrations of a
functional excipient (sodium
laurylsulfate) in preformulation
experiments
Typical media
– Dilute HCl, buffers in the pH range 1.2 – 6.8, simulated gastric/intestinal
fluid, water
Volume
– 500 – 1000 ml (900 ml)
• Extendable to 2 – 4 L (sink conditions) with justification, validation
Apparatus
– Basket or paddle (most frequently for solid oral dosage forms)
– Reciprocating cylinder or Flow through cell (special dosage forms)
Agitation
– Baskets: 100 rpm / Paddles: 50 – 75 rpm
• Decreasing or increasing (25 – 150 rpm) justified if supported by data/profiles/results
Assay
– Spectrometric determination (fast/simple/no solvents)
– HPLC
• no interference from excipients, stability indicating, specific
Validation of assay
– Specificity / Linearity and Range / Accuracy/Recovery /
Precision / Robustness / Solution stability
Cynthia Brown et al. (2004) Acceptable Analytical Practices for Poorly Soluble
Compounds. Pharmaceutical Technology
– Relationship of rate of disintegration versus rate of dissolution