DENTAL CEMENTS

 drg. Hesti Witasari JE, SpKG

 Dental cements

Restorative materials Liners Luting agent

- ZOE - Ca(OH)2 -GIC

- Zinc Phosphate - Cavity varnish -ZOE
- Zinc Polycarboxylate -MTA - Resin based
cement
-GIC
Appropriate choice depends on:
 Mechanical properties
 The Appearance
 The handling characteristics
 The behaviour in service
The Point of Chemistry of cement
 Composition
 Setting reactions
 Degradation mechanism
 Structure
DENTAL CEMENT PROPERTIES
 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES:
 -- Compressive Strength
 -- Tensile Strength
 -- Shear Strength
 -- Bond Strength
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
 -- Solubility and Disintegration
 -- Absorption
 BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES:
 -- Chemical Irritation of Pulp During Setting
 SETTING REACTIONS
100
% CONVERSION

Final
75 Set

% CONVERSION
50 Passes
Large Indentor
Initial
50 Set

Passes
25 Small Indentor
25

TIME
0.1 1.0 10 100 1000 (hrs)
TIME Mixing
Time Working
Time
Setting
Time

Mixing Working Setting

Interval Interval Interval

Initial Final
Set Set
Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE)

A Provisional
P cementation
P
L
I Provisional
C restoration
A
T
I
O
Cavity liner
N
S
Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE)
 Composition

POWDER: LIQUID:
Zinc Oxide Eugenol
Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE)
 Setting
 Could be accelerated with alcohol or acetic acid

 Chemical reaction
Zinc oxide + eugenol water zinc eugenolate (eugenate)
Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE)
 Properties

•Working time is long

•Film thickness about 40 µm
•Compressive strength low(7-40 MPa)
•Tensile strength is very low
•Solubility is high
•Hydrolytic decomposition
Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE)
 Biologic effect
 Effect on the pulp in deep cavities
 Potential allergen
 Sealing capacity
 Antibacterial action
Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE)
 Advantages
 Bland & Obtudent effect
 Good sealing ability
 Resistance to marginal penetration

 Disadvantages
 Low strength & abrasion resistance
 Solubility & disintegration in oral fluids
 Little anticariogenic action
Zinc Phosphate

A Cementation fixed cast

P alloy & Porcelain
restoration
P
L
I Cementation
C orthodontics bands
A
T
I
Cavity liner/base
O
N
S
Zinc Phosphate
 Composition
• Liquid: Phosphoric acid, aluminum
phosphate, and water.
• Powder: Zinc oxide, magnesium oxide,
and silica.

 Chemical reaction
Zinc oxide + phosphoric acid amorphous zinc phosphate
Zinc Phosphate
Zinc Phosphate
Types of Zinc Phosphate
Zinc Phosphate
 Biologic effect
 Low pH below 46 or 7(after 24 hours)
 Pain on cementation due to free acidity and osmotic
movement of fluid through the dentinal tubules
 Pulpa irritation
Zinc Phosphate
 Advantages
 Mixed easily
 Set sharply
 Low film thickness
 High rigidity

 Disadvantages
 Pulpal irritation
 Lack of antibacterial action
 Brittleness
 Lack of adhesion
 Solubility in oral fluids
Polycarboxylate Cement

A Cementation fixed cast alloy

& Porcelain restoration
P
P
L Cementation orthodontics
bands
I
C
A Cavity liner/base
T
I
Provisional restorative
O materials
N
S
Polycarboxylate Cement
 Composition
• Liquid: Polyacrylic acid, itaconic acid,
maleic acid, tartaric acid, and water
• Powder: Zinc oxide

 Chemical reaction
zinc oxide + polyacrylic acid  zinc polyacrylate
Polycarboxylate Cement
 Properties:
 Lower compressive strength than other cements
 Mild acidity
 Higher viscosity when mixed but reasonable flow
 Liquid should not be dispensed before needed, to avoid water
evaporation and viscosity
 Retention is chemical and mechanical
 To increase working time use a cold slab
Polycarboxylate Cement
 Biologic effect
 Generally, good biocompatibility
 Rapid rise of cement pH toward neutrality
 Localization of polyacrylic acid and limitation of diffusion by its
molecular size and ion binding to dentinal fluid and protein
 Minimal movement of fluid in dentinal tubules in response to
the cement
Polycarboxylate Cement
 Advantages
 Bonds to tooth structures
 Nonirritating to the pulp
 Easy manipulation
 Strength, solubility, and film thickness≈ zinc phosphate cement

 Disadvantages
 Higher solubility
 Lower strength
 Shorter working time
Glass Ionomer Cement
Glass Ionomer Cement

A Cementation fixed cast alloy

& Porcelain restoration
P
P
L Cementation orthodontics
bands
I
C
A Cavity liner/base
T
I
Restorative
O materials(erosion lesions)
N
S
 Glass Ionomer Cement
Composition
 POWDER
ALUMINA (28.6%) alumina: silica-- > 1:2
SILICA (41.9%)
FLUORIDE
CALCIUM FLUORIDE (15.7%)
ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE (3.8%)
CRYOLITE
Na+, K+, Ca2+, Sr3+
La2O3, SrO

 LIQUID
POLYACRYLIC ACID(45%) (polyacrylic: itaconic-- > 2:1)
ITACONIC ACID
MALEIC ACID
TRICARBOXYLIC ACID
TARTARIC ACID(5-15%)
POLYPHOSPHATES
METAL OXIDES
WATER
Glass Ionomer Cement
Types of Glass Ionomer
 Type I
• For the cementation of metal restorations
and direct-bonded orthodontic brackets.
 Type II
• Designed for restoring areas of erosion
near the gingiva.
 Type III
• Used as liners and dentin bonding agents.
Glass Ionomer Cement
 Mount:
A) - Auto Cure
- Dual Cure
- Triple Cure

B) - Type I
- Type II
* Type II 1
* Type II 2
- Type III

C) Glass Ionomer Cements

a. (i) Glass Polyalkeonates
(ii) Glass Polyphosphates
b. Resin modified GIC
c. Polyacid modified composite resin
Glass Ionomer Cement

 According to clinical use as:

Type I- Luting
TYPE II- Restorative
Type III- Liner/ Base
Type IV- Pit & Fissure Sealant
Type V- Luting for Orthodontic Purpose
Type VI- Core build up material
Type VII- High fluoride releasing command set
Type VIII- ART
Type IX- Geriatric & Paediatric GIC
 GLASS IONOMER CEMENT
Hybrid = SC(P) and PCC(L), Polymer-Based Dental Cement

PAA Si+4
SiO2, in Al+3
SiO2, Na+
Al2O3, H2O Al2O3,
Na, Ca, Ca+2
Na, Ca, F-
F F PAA

Residual Glass Particle

SiO2, POLYACRYLATE GEL
Al2O3, (initially Ca polyacrylate gel
Na, Ca, and later Al polyacrylate gel)
F
Si+4, Al+3, Ca+2, Na+, F- Ions
GLASS IONOMER CEMENT
Reactions
Ca+2 Al+3
H-O-H
F- Si+4

F-Al-SiO2, --O-Si+4(OH)2
¯OOC COO¯ CaF2 H-O-H
COO¯
Ca+
H-O-H
¯OOC COO¯
COO¯

¯OOC

COO¯ H-O-H
Ca++
¯OOC
Ca+ ¯OOC
COO¯
¯OOC
¯OOC
¯OOC COO¯
Al+3
COO¯
H-O-H
SETTING REACTION

When the powder &

liquid are mixed,
Surface of glass
particles are attacked
by acid. then Ca, Al,
sodium, & fluoride
ions are leached into
aqueous medium.
Adhesion :
☻Glass ionomer cement bonds chemically to the tooth
structure.
☻Bonding is due to reaction occur between carboxyl group of
poly acid & calcium of hydroxyl apatite.
☻Bonding with enamel is higher than that of dentin ,due to
greater inorganic content.
Esthetics :
GIC is tooth coloured material & available in different
shades.
Inferior to composites.
They lack translucency & rough surface texture.
Potential for discolouration & staining.
Glass Ionomer Cement
Benefits of Glass Ionomer
 Powder is an acid-soluble calcium. The
slow release of fluoride from this powder
aids in inhibiting recurrent decay.
 Causes less trauma or shock to the pulp
than many other types of cements.
 Low solubility in the mouth.
 Adheres to a slightly moist tooth surface.
 Has a very thin film thickness, which is
excellent for seating ease.
Biocompatibilty :
 Pulpal response to glass ionomer cement is favorable.
 Pulpal response is mild due to
- High buffering capacity of hydroxy apatite.
- Large molecular weight of the polyacrylic
acid ,which prevents entry into dentinal tubules.

Anticariogenic properties :
•Fluoride is released from glass ionomer at the time of
mixing & lies with in matrix. Fluoride can be released out
without affecting the physical properties of cement.
Glass Ionomer Cement
 Advantages
♣ Inherent adhesion to the tooth surface.
♣ Good marginal seal.
♣ Anticariogenic property.
♣ Biocompatibilty
♣ Minimal cavity preparation required.

 Disadvantages
♦ Low fracture resistance.
♦ Low wear resistance.
♦ Water sensitive during setting phase .
♦ Less esthetic compared to composite.
Cavity liner
Calcium hydroxide
 Clinical uses:
 Liner to protect pulp
 Direct and indirect pulp capping

 Dispensing 2 paste system:

 Self-cured:
 Base: Calcium phosphate, calcium tungstate, Zinc oxide, Glycol
salicylate
 Catalyst: Calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide, zinc stearate in ethylene
toluene sulfonamide
 Light cured cement: UDMA + Ca hydroxide + barium sulfate filler
and low viscosity monomer
Calcium hydroxide
 Properties:
 Has an alkaline Ph 9-11(stimulates dentine formation)
 Setting time: 2-7 minutes
 Weak compressive strength
 Thermal insulator
 High solubility
Mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA)
 A relatively recent material in the realm of endodontics,
and certainly one of the most promising
 Powder composition : tricalcium silicate, tricalcium
phosphate, tricalcium oxide, and other mineral oxide

Colloidal gel that solidifies to form a strong impermeable barrier

Mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA)
 Setting time: 3-4 hours
 Working time: 5 min
 Clinical use: pulp capping, internal repair of perforation,
apexification, root end filling in endodontic surgery
Luting cement
 Desirable features:
 Good wettability
 Good flow
 Thin film thickness: 25 µm or less to fill the space between tooth
structure and restoration.

 If the luting agents layer is too thick:

 It will prevent proper seating of restoration
 Excess cement may wash out and cause irritation and caries