Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1st step
Introduction of an infection for the first time into the
human population
ZOONOSES
In most cases (60%) that’s an infection that’s already
out there in nature – may be a virus that’s naturally
infecting some other species.
• ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
tropical forests are cleared to make way for new
roads, displacing disease-carrying animals and
insects and increased human traffic through
previously isolated areas
Promastigotes Amastigotes
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka
u
r
r
Since 1981, HIV/AIDS has infected
e
n
60 million & killed half of them.
t
H
AIDS d
M
a
: 293
r
AIDS Deaths
c
h
: 189
2
• New pet – avoid animals aged <6 months or <1 year for
cats –toxoplasmosis,cryptosporidiosis, Bartonella
infection (avoid cat bite/scratches, flea control),
salmonellosis, and campylobacteriosis
• Poultry and meat are safest when adequate cooking is
confirmed with a thermometer (internal temperature of
180ºF for poultry and 165ºF for red meats). no trace of
pink
• Uncooked meats should not be allowed to come in
contact with other foods; hands, cutting boards,
counters, and knives and other utensils should be
washed thoroughly after contact with uncooked foods
(BIII).
Cryptosporidium parvum: an emerging pathogen
2 types of oocysts
thick-walled - excreted
thin-walled -autoinfection
Cryptosporidium
TRANSMISSION CLINICAL FEATURES
TREATMENT OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS
Paromomycin.
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Life Cycle
of
Cyclospora
cayetanensis
Acanthameoba spp.
Isolated from water, soil, air conditioning etc
In healthy -
Acanthamoeba
keratitis
Immunosuppressed -
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE)
Disseminated infection
Emerging & Re-emerging Infectious
Diseases Surveillance & Control
• Disease surveillance is concentrated not in
developing countries, where emerging diseases
are most likely to arise, but in developed countries
that can afford laboratories