ESL 103 How to Write Concluding Paragraphs

Siqi Bao
AGENDA

Journal

Review introduction and body paragraphs

How to write concluding paragraphs

Practices
Warm-up

Journal:
Based on the reading that you’ve read
at home (The Negative Effects of
Sugar). Talk about why eating too
much sugar is bad for us? Explain in
your own words (at least three
reasons).
Academic Essays

Ask Your Partner

What are the three

parts of an academic
essay?
Academic Essays

• General statements & information about

your topic
(Always includes your thesis statement)

• Paragraphs supporting the main ideas

of the thesis statement
• These paragraphs always begin with
topic sentences

• To bring the essay to a close

• To reinforce the thesis statement
• To leave the reader with a strong impression
 Activity 1
1. Which paragraph is the introduction?
2. Which paragraphs are the body
paragraphs?
3. Which paragraph is the conclusion?
4. Underline the thesis statement, and
topic sentence of each paragraph.
5. Which word tells you this is the last
paragraph?
 Activity 2
1. Put these pieces together, make it into
a whole essay.
2. Which paragraph is the introduction?
3. Which paragraphs are the body
paragraphs?
4. Which paragraph is the conclusion?
5. Underline the thesis statement, and
topic sentence of each paragraph.
6. Which word tells you this is the last
paragraph?
 Concluding Paragraphs

It is important to have a strong conclusion, since this is the last chance you
have to make an impression on your reader. The goal of your conclusion
isn’t to introduce any new ideas, but to sum up everything you’ve written.
Specifically, your conclusion should accomplish three major goals:

• Restate the main idea of your essay, or your thesis statement

• Summarize the sub-points of your essay (2-3 points)
• Leave the reader with an interesting final impression
3 Ways To Conclude An Essay

With a call for action

A call for action asks the reader to do something. Asking the
reader to take an action engages him or her with the topic and
leaves a strong impression.

With an overview of key points

An overview of key points summarizes the main points made
Three ways
in the essay. This reminds readers of what was discussed and
clearly ends the discussion.

With a quotation
Using a quotation that is well known, or that is from a well-
known person, helps a writer end the essay in a powerful way.
Concluding Paragraphs - With a call for action

In conclusion, people must be made aware of the fact that sugar

causes tooth decay, diabetes, mood swings, and a host of other
physical and psychological problems. In order to protect our health,
it is necessary for people to limit their intake of sweets and to get
their calories from other more nutrient-rich sources of energy. So,
the next time you want to reach for your second or third cookie,
stop and think about your health.
Concluding Paragraphs - With an overview of key points

All in all, in our public schools, students should not be forced to wear
uniforms. This is because they take away a student’s sense of
individuality, they do not allow for self- expression, and they do not
save families any money. There are already plenty of restrictions upon
high school students, and these rules and regulations are acceptable
because they help maintain order on a daily basis. However, mandating
school uniforms would not be a helpful regulation. Uniforms may seem
like a good idea at first, but in the end they would do more harm than
good.
Concluding Paragraphs - With a quotation

In brief, just like Chazal said, ”our expression and our words
never coincide, which is why the animals don't understand us."
Again, I believe that none of these animals can
communicate fluently with humans.
Transition Words/Phrases

WORDS TO KNOW

• All in all • Lastly

• As a result • Finally
• As shown above • To sum up
• In summary • To summarize
• In conclusion • To wrap up
• In brief • Ultimately
 Activity 3

Read this article.

Focus on the thesis
statement, topic sentences.
Write one conclusion.
What Did We Learn Today?

Essay
 What Did We Learn Today?

2. With an overview of key

points

1. With a call for action 3. With a quotation


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