FABRICATION OF

HYDRAULIC FORKLIFT
Submitted by
AJMAL ABDUL JABBAR (090111804002)
BIJESH V.D. (090111804012)
FARIS K. (090111804018)

Project Guide
Mr. N.GURUMOORTHY
ASST. PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF MECHANICAL ENGG.

THE KAVERY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ANNA UNIVERSITY COIMBATORE 641047

APRIL 2012
ABSTRACT
 FLUID POWER
 APPLICATIONS
 FORKLIFT
 CONSTRUCTION
 WORKING
 MATERIALS USED
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
FLUID POWER
A fluid power system is defined as a means of
power transmission in which a relatively
incompressible fluid is used as the power transmitting
media
The primary purpose of fluid power system is the
transfer of energy from one location to another and
this energy into useful work
TYPES OF FLUID POWER
There are mainly two types of fluid power systems:
 Hydraulic Power System( employing liquids)
 Pneumatic Power System(employing air)
PASCAL’S LAW
Pascal’s law states that the pressure applied
anywhere to a confined liquid is transmitted equally to
every portion of the surface of the containing vessel.
When a force is applied to the liquid by a piston, the
liquid transmits this force equally to all surfaces of the
container.
PASCAL’S LAW(Contd.)
FORKLIFT
 WHAT IS A FORKLIFT?
A forklift truck (also called a lift truck, a fork
truck, a forklift, or a tow-motor) is a powered
industrial truck used to lift and transport
materials
 WHY USE FORKLIFT?
 To reduce the human effort
 To make the work easy and simple
 To reduce the time taken
COMPONENTS
 HYDRAULIC CYLINDER
 PUMP
 STRUCTURE
 ARM
 WHEELS
 HYDRAULIC FLUID
HYDRAULIC CYLINDER
They convert the pressure
energy of fluid into mechanical
output to perform useful work
The fluid power is converted
into straight line reciprocating
motion
ARM
It is made by joining pieces of
steel and made into a frame
The arm is used to load the
objects on it
HYDRAULIC FLUID
 Hydraulic fluids, also called hydraulic liquids, are the
medium by which power is transferred in hydraulic
machinery
 Common hydraulic fluids are based on mineral oil or
water
 The primary function of a hydraulic fluid is to convey
power
 In use, however, there are other important functions of
hydraulic fluid such as protection of the hydraulic
machine components
WHY PREFER HYDRAULCS OVER
PNEUMATICS?
 The force required to accelerate oil is many times
greater than that required to accelerate an equal
volume of air
 Liquids also exhibit greater viscosity than gases. This
results in larger frictional pressure
 Due to compressibility of air, it is impossible to obtain
a precise control of actuator velocities in pneumatic
systems
PROPOSED MODEL
fork lift
structure

cylinder and piston Assly

pump
arm
wheels
MATERIALS USED
NAME OF THE COMPONENTS MATERIALS QTY.

Hydraulic pump(linear type pump) Steel 1

Cylinder M.S rod 1

Piston M.S with chromium 1

Ram M.S rod 1

Spring M.S 1

Nipple M.S rod 1

M.S plate 1
End plate

Hydraulic fluid SAE 40 Oil -

Structure M.S.Plate 1
WORKING PRINCIPLE
 The hydraulic cylinder consists of a hollow tube sealed
at one end with a movable, lubricated piston fitting
into the other
 The hydraulic fluid is present inside the cylinder
which acts as the force medium for this operation
 It enters the bottom of the cylinder through a special
"one way" valve that allows fluid to enter without
leaking back out
WORKING PRINCIPLE(Contd.)
 After fork lift is loaded, the pump is pumped in order
to actuate the hydraulic cylinder
 As the amount of oil in the cylinder increases, so does
the pressure inside it
 This pressure, applied across the area of the piston
head, results in a net upward force
 This upward push causes the piston to move up, which
increases the volume of the fluid and decreases the
pressure
FABRICATED MODEL
COST ESTIMATION
MATERIAL
S.NO COMPONENT QUANTITY COST(RS)
USED

1 Hydraulic pump 1 M.S 3200

Cylinder &Internal
2 structure and - 3000
machining work

3 Hydraulic fluid 1 - 350

4 Moving Ram 1 M.S 1000

TOTAL 7550
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 The process uses low- cost  Machining work is very
energy source complicated
 Large machines frames are  Very sturdy base needed
not required on the process  Hydraulics components cost
 No extra skill is required for is high
operating this system
 Easier maintenance
 Less loss in power
transmission
CONCLUSION
 Thus we are able to reduce the effort and time taken by
manual operation using forklift
 Also there is less vibration when compared to other
mechanisms and therefore even fragile materials can
be easily handled