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Exam 3 Histogram:
Grade Frequency
35
30
25
Frequency
20 Frequency
15
10
5
0
Bin
1
Synthetic and Biological Polymers
2
Methods for making polymers
4
Free-Radical AdditionPolymerization of
Ethylene
H2C CH2
200 °C O2
2000 atm peroxides
polyethylene
Free-Radical Polymerization of Propene
H2C CHCH3
CH CH CH CH CH CH CH
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
polypropylene
..
RO
.. • Mechanism
H2C CHCH3
..
RO: Mechanism
H2C CHCH3
•
..
RO: Mechanism
H2C CHCH3
•
H2C CHCH3
..
RO: Mechanism
H2C CHCH3
H2C CHCH3
•
..
RO: Mechanism
H2C CHCH3
H2C CHCH3
•
H2C CHCH3
..
RO: Mechanism
H2C CHCH3
H2C CHCH3
H2C CHCH3
•
..
RO: Mechanism
H2C CHCH3
H2C CHCH3
H2C CHCH3
•
H2C CHCH3
Likewise...
•F2C=CF2 Teflon
Important
constitutions
for synthetic
polymers
15
Supramolecular
structure of
polymers
16
Structural
properties of
linear
polymers:
conformationa
l flexibility
and strength
17
Cross linking adds
tensile strength
18
Condensation polymerization
Monomers
O OH
O
OH
Q uickTim e™ and a
Phot o - JPEG decom pr essor
ar e needed t o see t his pict ur e.
hexamethylene diamine
nylon
21
Hydrogen bonds between chains
Supramolecular
Structure of
nylon
Intermolecular
hydrogen bonds
give nylon
enormous tensile
strength
22
Biopolymers
23
Proteins: amino acid monomers
HO NH2
H
O R
27
Three D representation of the structure of a protein
28
DNA
Thymine (T)
The monomers:
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Phosphate-
Sugar (backbone) of
DNA
30
Phosphate-
sugar
backbone
holds the DNA
macromolecule
together
31
One strand
unwinds to
duplicate its
complement via a
polymerization of
the monomers
C, G, A and T
32
Carbohydrates
34